5gen, 6gen or beyond, when 2 supposed stealth jets approach across border, provided they both have same level good LPI radars, the 1st thing which matters is their own visibility. The more visible jet will be fired upon 1st & more difficult it'll be to break lock.
Although theoretically Su-57 has 5gen stuff but practical implementation has taken way too long.
Its +ve points are DIRCM, levcons, IWB for AGMs, IRST, side X-band radar, L-band radar.
Its -ve points are bad RCS due to combined effect of certain surface features + RAM + RAS + EW (although it has more flat geometry), incomplete TVC, pending HMDS, etc.
Doctrine of Russians have been to use big powerful radars & bcoz Russians are behind in RCS hence they decided to put LBR in Su-57.
But doctrine of USA with F-22 has been passive RF detection.
- Su-57 uses low frequency L-Band Radar (LBR) bcoz stealth jets are optimized for shorter frequencies like X band.
But limit of LBR is that it gives general location of something & then X-Band Radar (XBR) has to point a beam to refine & try to find what's that object.
LBR emission can be picked up.
- Limit of IRST is that it cant see through clouds & heavy rain. So it can't be always treated as primary sensor or savior, but in clear weather.
- Unless notional diagrams of F-22's liquid cooling & slides of F-35's PAO cooling, HX, etc were released, the general public didn't have idea that such things exist or expected in 5gen.
- USA has pioneered most computing tech, protocols, standards, regulations, earned global revenue, funded its R&D. F-22 also has L-band capability but after showing in diagrams also some people have sworn to god not to admit.

However passive listening was default step.
Band-2 are low-mid freq. UHF-L band for surveillance, early warning.
Band 3 are S-C bands for target acquisition, tracking.
Band 4 are high freq. C,X,Ku,Ka bands for fire control.
- Trick is to use LPI - freq. hopping, min.power, random pulses looking like background noise.
- Test pilot Paul Metz said in 1990s documentaries that F-22 can know what weapons are hanging under wings of 4gen jets, which is done by short frequency LPI beam sharpening.
- 5 < 5.5 < 6, so in era of 6gen, the 5gen F-22 is obsolete........ in front of F-47 NGAD.
After 11 Bn US$ ARES MLU with stealthy pods of IRST, etc, stealthy EFTs also, the 6gen NGAD is supposed to be better.
- Similarly, it is speculated that Russians are making 6gen, they won't sit idle against GCAP, FCAS, NGAD, Chinese jets.
Hence Su-57 (Su-75 too) is also obsolete even after all pending features are completed.
- But nations with none or lagging R&D would procure 5gen-ish, 5gen, 5.5gen jets s per their budget & operating capability.
Every gen needs MLU. Now after MLU to 5.5gen, F-22 got IRST, leveled with any IRST jet globally.
- JDAM has become powered.
- AIM-260 JATM is tested.
- MUMT has been tested.
- That's it, beyond this the NGAD will take over.
- Any assets production depends on changing political, financial, geopolitical, technological situations.
So the F-22 got limited numbers bcoz -
- fall of USSR
- sluggish Su-57 project
- capitalist economy, where private firms try to exploit, but govt. puts a cap.
- business continuity to next gen.
- latest gen acts as tip of spear, followed by previous gen to broom/mop.
Why 4gen jets still made by USA -
- global market of weak, lagging nations who either can't afford F-35 or any 5gen or don't need it due to their weaker neighbors.
- USA is blessed & protected by 2 oceans, Canada in collaboration, weaker southern nations.
- Russia, China don't have bases near USA like Guam, Hawai, Diego Garcia, etc. If they try to use southern nations then it takes lot of time to mobilize fighters, bombers, which in response will move the DEFCON # of USA upwards.
- Russia is close to Alaska which is isolated, then comes Canada, then mainland USA, not easy at all to attack but suicidal.
- If any spy balloon floats over any nation then same action of shooting down will be taken by whatever jet that nation has.
4gen jets have seen enough action, so let F-22 have some live firing fun.
Now we should really get back to thread's agenda. 4.5-4.9 jets are giving headache


