Indian Unmanned Naval Vessel Developments

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From DRDO to BPCL, India’s first underwater drone, EyeROV Tuna, finds many takers

Kerala-based startup develops India's first commercial portable drone that can be used for underwater inspections. Today, the robot comes very handy for location scouting for search and rescue mission, surveillance for the defence sector and for recreational purposes.


By Pranbihanga Borpuzari & Geetha Jayaraman, ET Online | Updated: Nov 28, 2019, 11.54 AM IST
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The startup has successfully completed numerous projects like surveying dams for the Kerala State Electricity Board, oil pipeline bridge for BPCL and are working with the Fire and rescue department of Karnataka and Kerala state amongst others.

When the Defence Ministry started the Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDex) programme last year, one startup stood out. An underwater robotic drone called EyeROV could spot a crack in the hull of a ship or damage to an oil pipeline and seemed like a great fit for the defence organisations.

iDex was started to create an ecosystem to foster innovation and technology development in Defence and Aerospace by engaging with innovators and startups to deliver technologically advanced solutions for modernizing the Indian Military. A passion for robotics and to innovate something path-breaking was the driving force behind the development of EyeROV – India’s first commercial underwater robotic drone by two IIT post graduates. It was a match, waiting to happen.


Co-founder of IROV Technologies – Kannappa Palaniappan P was working as an on-board scientist with the National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai, when he came across a Herculean task to survey the ocean floor and inspect the ship’s hull with an enormous drone weighing a tonne. This got him thinking that when we have the resources to develop a cost efficient satellite like Chandrayan, we can surely develop a portable drone that can be used for underwater inspection, surveillance and for search and rescue operations.

“When Kannappa suggested the idea of developing a simple machine to inspect the ship hull as compared to the many sophisticated bulkier equipment available in the market, we thought of developing a miniature version that can go up to 300 meters,” shares Johns T Mathai, CEO and co-founder, IROV Technologies, who worked in Samsung R&D Institute India and Grey Orange Pvt Ltd before foraying into the entrepreneurial venture.

In 2016, they pitched the idea to the Maker Village in Kochi, Kerala. Mathai says, “The idea got selected for the incubator program and we started working on the initial proof of concept and prototype.”

Finding depth

Their product EyeROV TUNA is India’s first commercial remotely operated underwater drone, which can send real-time video of ships and other underwater structures to help with their repair and maintenance. “The drone can navigate up to a depth of 50 meters to take real-time HD video images to examine underwater, thus eliminating the need for costly and riskier manual inspection by divers,” explains Mathai.

He adds that the rover is very light, which can be easily accessed and controlled with the supporting tether and connected to a laptop or a joystick. “A camera is fitted on the ROV (remotely operated vehicle) to give live video feed of the harsh and critical underwater environment. The drone moves at a speed of two knots, has a 6000 lumens LED lamps and a three hour plus battery life,” says Mathai.

The EyeROV TUNA weighs less than 10 kg and can be used to inspect ship hulls, ports, dams and nuclear power plants. Talking about the significance of EyeROV, Mathai says, “This product comes very handy for location scouting for search and rescue mission, surveillance for the defence sector and for research sectors like fishery and oil & gas.”

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For a hardware startup finding funding is usually the biggest problem, unlike a software startup states Mathai and adds, “Designing a prototype is way different from designing an actual product. The costing can go exponentially high.”

They developed the first prototype within seven months of inception, but failed because of various reasons. “The water environment is generally very hostile compared to the environment in space. You have various challenges like very high currents, zero visibility, so it is very tough for a normal prototype to survive in such hostile conditions,” points out Mathai.

The company got initial funding from BPCL project Ankur Startup Scheme and Kerala Startup Mission Idea Grant Scheme. They also received their first order from the Naval Physical and Oceanographic Lab under DRDO. “We received the order based on the second prototype. Though the prototype was not as per their requirement, but they gave us the order along with their requirement. Our idea was to develop a commercially viable product and since there was a demand for the same we had an advantage. That propelled us to a great extend.”

A sea of opportunities

Oil and gas industry is another major sector that the company is trying to capture as they have many underwater structures and pipelines that connects the refinery and the dock. “These pipelines and offshore structures are to be inspected on a regular interval for any kind of damages.”

This four year old company has also worked with the Mumbai Port Trust for identifying wreckage of ships. “We used our technology to find out sunken ship near the port. Within 3 days we were able to spot seven wrecked ships in the surrounding, which divers could have taken around a month or so to complete,” expresses Mathai.


Apart from cameras, EyeROV also use sonar technology to inspect the water environment. “The portable micro-class ROV can be used for underwater survey and visual inspection of submerged structures at depths up to 100 meters. We use sonar technology because in India the water bodies are generally very murky and sometimes it is very difficult to capture anything underwater, even in a close range. There are two types of sonar – imaging sonar and side scan sonar. Imaging sonar provides data of what is in-front while the side-scan sonar shows the bottom area.”

The startup has successfully completed numerous projects like surveying dams for the Kerala State Electricity Board, oil pipeline bridge for BPCL and are working with the Fire and rescue department of Karnataka and Kerala state amongst others.

With a specialised data analytics platform, EyeROV aims to spread their wings outside India capturing the global market and compete with the existing products. “Most of the companies that currently operate just collect the data and share it with the client. Generally, these videos are about six to eight hours long. So, it is very difficult for a person to sit and analyse. What we do is, we make the findings into a 3D image or a user intrusive platform where they can click and see. We focus on data analytics and present to the client a user-friendly result. We are also working on image enhancement. We have an expertise in data analytics,” states Mathai.

From DRDO to BPCL, India’s first underwater drone, EyeROV Tuna, finds many takers
 
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Remember the Army's recent turn to armed UGV ? This has been a long time coming. In fact DRDO has already built multiple prototypes of potentially armed UGVs. They also roped in various private companies in these projects, sort of like the ATAGS. The UGV is unlikely to be a one-size-fit-all solution for all terrains/missions. So the Army might go for a light and a heavy UGV, though I am not sure we have money for both. We might end up buying just one, the cheapest one.

In any case, here are two UGVs designed by DRDO manufactured by L&T Defence :
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The manipulator arm of the one on the left can easily be replaced by a light machine gun or a grenade launcher. The one on the left is a mystery to me. Look at those wheels though, cool.:love: Send this one to the moon already.

Just remembered L&T also showcased the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(AUV) Adamya for the Navy. They do seem to be growing a sizable unmanned vehicle fleet, both land and sea based. This is proper forward thinking by them.
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Desi robot Ballbot & drone EyeRov inspire visitors at DefExpo

By Anantha Krishnan M, February 10, 2020 07:05 PM IST
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Lucknow: It was curtains for the five-day DefExpo2020 on Sunday with thousands of visitors thronging the venue here at Vrindavan Yojana to get a glimpse of the war-fighting and intelligence-enabling machines that were on display.

At this biennial show, primarily for land-based military equipment, there were several home-grown robotic solutions on display. Onmanorama picks up to two such systems for you – Bollbot and EyeROV Tuna.

Ballbot is a product from Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR), a Bengaluru-based DRDO lab, while EveRov Tuna is from a private firm Irov Technologies based out of Kochi.

Ballbot

Scientists from CAIR told Onmanorama during DefExpo2020 that the Ballbot is an ideal solution for surveillance, reconnaissance and patrolling. It has a modular chassis, sensor and computer which can be reconfigured as per the specific requirements.
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The Ballbot is targeted for CI/CT (counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism) operations and for paramilitary forces.

“It will provide remote eyes on the ground and reduce human casualty,” says a scientist.

Developed in 18 months, the Ballbot is yet to undertake any trials by the users. But the engineered version for field conditions has been demonstrated to potential users.

The design, development and fabrication activities have been done completely indigenous, while actuators, sensors and computing platforms have been imported.

“The combination of Ballbot and MUGV (Mini Unmanned Ground Vehicle) in a marsupial configuration is unique. However, individually, similar scale of systems are available elsewhere,” the scientists said.

Each MUGV can carry two Ballbots and the operator can deploy them remotely and subsequently all the three can be controlled independently.

On the challenges faced by the young team (average age 32 years) during the development of the Ballbot, the scientist cited ruggedization for military standards in miniature platforms and the availability of miniature sensors and actuators as the major ones.

A new version of Ballbot is in the making and it boasts of features like multi-robot collaboration and integration with flying platforms.

EyeROV Tuna

Claimed as India’s first commercial inspection class MROV (micro remotely operated vehicle), EyeROV Tuna is capable of undertaking probe missions of underwater structures.

“It is capable of going to depths of 100-m and is very easy to operate with the help of a laptop or a joystick. It is very cost-effective as well,” says Nirmal Thomas, a young product engineer manning the stall at DefExpo2020.

EyeRov Tuna is fitted with a camera that does the duties of sending live video feed of the underwater environment. It can be used for inspections of railway bridge piers, ship hull, dams and port structures to name a few.

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At DefExpo2020, many defence officials seem to have shown their keen interest in the EyeRov Tuna, a product that’s already in operation.

This MROV can be used for salvage operations as well.

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“Our MROV is cost-effective, easy to operate and maintain. This forms the fundamental requirement for any user and EyeRov Tuna satisfies them all,” adds Nirmal.

With AI (artificial intelligence) making deep inroads in aerospace and defence sector, the DefExpo2020 saw many companies exhibiting their products for military and commercial use.

The dedicated India Pavilion at the show saw many futuristic technologies such as AI, Augmented Virtual Reality (AVR), Autonomous Systems, Internet of Military Things (IoMT) and Industry 4.0 to name a few.

(The writer is an independent aerospace and defence journalist, who blogs at Tarmak007 and tweets @writetake.)

Desi robot Ballbot & drone EyeRov inspire visitors at DefExpo
 

IITB pushes Matsya 6 AUV development


The autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) team at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (AUV-IITB) is looking to evolve its Matsya series of AUVs with new capabilities.

A representative from the AUV-IITB team told Janes in October that the institute is seeking improved performance from Matsya 6, the latest model in its Matsya family of AUVs. The team participated with this variant in RoboSub 2020, an international student competition for designing and building robotic submarines, winning third prize in the presentation category.

The Matsya 6 AUV features separate hulls that house and protect its subsystems and electronics. (AUV-IITB)

The Matsya 6 AUV features separate hulls that house and protect its subsystems and electronics. (AUV-IITB)
Matsya 6 is a 1.05 m-long man-portable system capable of performing underwater surveillance and light inspection tasks up to a depth of 45 m. The vehicle weighs 37 kg and features a modular design that facilitates the ease of integrating and removing components such as batteries, thrusters, and cameras. The skeleton type frame of the indigenously developed vehicle is designed to reduce weight without compromising on structural strength.

Matsya 6 features a primary hull that houses the vehicle’s major subsystems and a secondary hull that protects its electronic speed controller (ESC) and electronic circuits.

The main hull has been redesigned and features several enhancements that distinguish it from the earlier variants. It includes new features including layered and backplane electrical stacking, and a redesigned baseplate to ensure sufficient heat dissipation. The graphics processing unit (GPU) is now mounted directly on the baseplate to improve heat transfer performance.

The Matsya 6’s ESC hull is a new feature that not only provides improved heat dissipation, but also reduces 60% of the volume previously occupied by the ESC and electronic circuitry in the earlier variants.
 
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NSTL has issued a tender for Li-ion batteries & battery management system (BMS) for the under-development High Endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HEAUV):
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The selected Indian company will receive NSTL's TOT for the Li-ion battery. Specs of the battery:
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Delivery schedule for the battery & BMS:
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Now onto the motor. A 8 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) with Inverter drive will be used to rotate the propulsion shaft. The shaft has a conventional 2 bladed propeller set up. The propulsion component of the HEAUV looks like this:
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Tender's list of deliverables:
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The specs of the PSMS motor:
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DRDO's High Endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HEAUV) successfully conducted it maiden surface run:
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Video:
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Its primary mission would be ASW, MCM & underwater ISR. Going by the size, this thing should have endurance to go underwater for weeks.

Turns out I had some old tender documents of the HEAUV. Propulsion unit is a single 8 kW PSMC motor mated with a 150 V, 320 kwh Li-ion battery. 7 units of the motor, 3 units of the battery & a number of other related equipment were acquired. Theoretically this battery can run the motor at peak torque setting continuously for 40 hrs. Of course, in actual use the AUV won't be doing peak speed constantly for 40 hrs.

Also, are those black panels side mounted sonars?
The smaller black panels at the front & on the sides are probably underwater obstacle avoidance sonars.

Update:

Article from alphadefence giving us the specs of the HEAUV:

High Endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HEAUV)

By alphadefense.in
Mar 12, 2024
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Last week, in a resounding triumph for India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), a momentous milestone has been reached with the flawless inaugural surface run of the High Endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HEAUV) at the venerable Cochin Shipyard’s International Ship Repair Facility (ISRF) Jetty in Kochi.

This heralds a pivotal stride forward in fortifying the nation’s prowess in indigenous underwater exploration and defense capabilities.

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Distinguished by its imposing stature, the HEAUV stands as a formidable underwater asset, weighing a substantial 6 tons. Possessing a commanding length of 9.75 meters and a diameter of 1 meter, its operational envelope is nothing short of impressive. With a remarkable diving capacity of up to 300 meters, the HEAUV exhibits an extraordinary endurance, capable of sustained operations for 15 days at a cruising speed of 3 knots, while achieving a noteworthy maximum speed of 8 knots.

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The HEAUV’s design encompasses a versatile array of mission capabilities, including Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW). Outfitted with cutting-edge sensors, this autonomous marvel assumes a pivotal role in the detection and tracking of adversary submarines. At this moment it isnt clear if the system is capable of engaging the target with torpedo or a similar weapon.

Furthermore, its intrinsic suitability for Mine Counter Measures (MCM) is unrivaled, owing to its autonomous navigation capabilities in underwater environments, rendering it an ideal candidate for mine detection and disposal operations. This becomes even more crucial as Indian navy do not have a mine countermeasure vessel in traditional landscape.

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In the realm of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR), the HEAUV stands poised for excellence. By seamlessly integrating with sonar, Electro Optical Systems and electronic intelligence (ELINT) systems, it becomes a stalwart instrument for comprehensive underwater data collection, thereby reinforcing India’s strategic intelligence capabilities.

Beyond its military applications, the HEAUV demonstrates its acumen in bathymetry—a discipline where it excels. This underwater drone adeptly charts the ocean’s topography, meticulously mapping the seabed and generating intricate profiles of the ocean floor. This proficiency not only enhances scientific understanding but also opens avenues for broader applications in environmental monitoring and resource management.

In this singular achievement, India’s DRDO has not only asserted its technological prowess but has also underscored the nation’s commitment to advancing maritime innovation on a global scale. The successful deployment of the HEAUV not only augments India’s defensive capabilities but also propels the nation into a pioneering role in the frontier of autonomous underwater technologies.

High Endurance Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (HEAUV) - alphadefense.in
 

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