Premières images (confirmées) des F-16 en Ukraine : analyse des capacitée
First (confirmed) images of F-16s in Ukraine: analysis of capabilities
At an official ceremony, the Ukrainian Air Force took delivery of its first F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft. The images from the ceremony show that the aircraft seen are not just ex-Dutch aircraft. In terms of weaponry, two air-to-air configurations were visible, as well as an improved self-defence capability.
Official reception
During a ceremony, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and other senior Ukrainian authorities officially welcomed the first F-16AM Fighting Falcon aircraft into the Ukrainian Air Force. The ceremony provided an opportunity to see the first official images of the Ukrainian Fighting Falcons. The aircraft retain their traditional Ukrainian markings, with the Ukrainian Air Force emblem on the tail and a roundel (yellow and blue) on each wing. The aircraft identification numbers, located on the tail, still appear to be present but have been blurred to prevent exact identification of the aircraft. However, no coloured numbers appear to be visible on the fuselage.
The video shows a long-range missile launcher from a Patriot PAC-2 battery (1:37) and a TRML-4D radar (back of antenna visible) (1:40).
Just ex-Dutch F-16AMs?
At least two F-16s were in the air, but other Fighting Falcons were also on the ground. Two aircraft are visible at 1:59. A freeze frame shows a 450 W lamp under the cockpit of the first aircraft, but not the second. This light is fitted to Danish (from production) and Norwegian (after production) F-16s and is used to identify aircraft during night missions. However, the various official statements announced the delivery of six Dutch F-16s (including the aircraft in the background) and, shortly afterwards, Danish Fighting Falcons, with the aircraft in the foreground. This identification of the two different nationalities of the aircraft present confirms that the Ukrainian Air Force has just over 6 F-16AMs on its territory.
Short-range air-to-air
An F-16AM was filmed during the landing phase. It is equipped in short-range air-to-air configuration, with two AIM-9L/M Sidewinder short-range air-to-air missiles, the latest versions of the Sidewinder before the very recent AIM-9X Sidewinder. This missile uses an infrared sensor to guide the Sidewinder towards a major heat source: the engines of the enemy aircraft. The survival of the enemy aircraft then depends on just one thing: the pilot's speed. By firing infrared decoys, he can try to fool the Sidewinder. However, when the Sidewinder approaches from a certain distance, the impact is almost certain. This distance of several kilometres is known as the "no-escape zone". In terms of range, the AIM-9L and AIM-9M can hit a target more than 18 kilometres away, with a speed of 2,414 km/h (or 1.95 Mach) (USAF).
Long-range air-to-air
Other aircraft were armed with Sidewinder missiles (two) as well as two AIM-120B AMRAAM long-range air-to-air missiles. Unlike the Sidewinder, the AMRAAM uses a radar sensor; the launching aircraft must have a radar lock on the enemy aircraft. Information about the target is then transmitted to the missile, which is then fired. An aircraft-missile data link enables the missile to refine its trajectory, until the missile's radar sensor guides AMRAAM to its target. As specified by the US Navy, the AMRAAM is a missile that is "independent" of the launching aircraft; if necessary, the latter can change target, direction, carry out defensive manoeuvres, etc. without the missile being able to head towards its target.
On a more technical level, the AIM-120B has a range of more than 64 kilometres (sources vary between +50 kilometres and 75 kilometres), a warhead of 22.7 kg and a speed of Mach 4 (or 4,939 km/h) (according to the Greek Air Force). These missiles are expected to be used primarily for long-range firing and therefore for pure air-to-air hunting, with the aim of hunting down Russian aircraft. Conversely, the full Sidewinder configuration is more likely to be used in very short-range aerial combat; it is likely that this configuration will be used to protect strategic installations from possible Russian drone raids, for example. Other configurations are of course expected and have already been confirmed, including the JDAM-ER precision glide bomb. In air-to-ground mode, the F-16AM can carry both air-to-ground munitions and air-to-air missiles (multi-mission).
A special pylon
The rest of the aircraft have external tanks... but a careful eye will see that a special pylon is located between the missiles and the external tanks. Initially identified as the Pylon Integrated Dispensing System Plus (PIDS+) suite, the absence of a decoy launcher but the presence of cameras in a section at the rear of the pylon clearly suggest the Electronic Combat Integrated Pylon System Plus (ECIPS+) suite.
In concrete terms, two pylons are fixed to the aircraft (one under each wing). The three AN/AAR-60 cameras, produced and developed by Hensoldt, offer enhanced passive defensive capability, with the ability to detect missiles heading towards the aircraft. To increase the aircraft's defensive effectiveness, the ECIPS+ suite can, as soon as it detects a missile, automatically launch the aircraft's decoys without the pilot having time to react. It also includes an AN/ALQ-162(V)6 radar jammer, developed and produced by Northrop Grumman. This jams radar-guided missiles as they approach the F-16.
It should be noted that an aircraft can be fitted with an ECIPS+ as well as a PIDS+ pylon; it retains an image-based missile detection capability, a radar jamming capability thanks to the ECIPS+ as well as the ability to carry infrared decoys (flares) and chaffs (thanks to a PIDS+), the former being designed to decoy infrared-guided missiles, the latter for radar-guided missiles. It should be pointed out that while no PIDS+ (or other variant of the Terma pylon) has been seen (at least with any certainty), the countries delivering the F-16s have these different pylons and will therefore also deliver them with the promised Fighting Falcons.