Not if people know and understand the reason for reneging on it. You can't just do damage and get away with it, that would be a far worse precedent to set. The reason for reneging on it isn't some kind of political agenda, it simply compensation for the damage that their virus has done, only partial compensation at that. The US GDP is $20+tr and this virus has shut down most of that for 2 months and counting, that's way more than the amount of US debt China owns already, so cancelling that debt (circa $1.1bn as of Jan 2020) is letting them off lightly. Anyone can understand that.
If it was more a matter of, "well, I think you stink, so I'm not repaying any debts to you," then people might lose respect for their debt, even if the aforementioned statement is entirely true.
If there was such a thing as an international claims court, China would be taken to it and be ordered to pay compensation. Sadly there isn't, so this is how it has to be done.