If the reports are true and these are indeed Zircon missiles, it appears their terminal dive isn't as optimized as the Iskander or Kinzhal. Those two systems have seen significantly more combat action, which has led to extensive post-deployment refinements of their flight trajectories & terminal dive.
It's more the case that Ukraine has only recently received the upgraded Patriot radars and software upgrade, which allow the PAC-3 MSE to utilise their full engagement altitude amongst other things. Iskanders are now being intercepted much better too.If the reports are true and these are indeed Zircon missiles, it appears their terminal dive isn't as optimized as the Iskander or Kinzhal. Those two systems have seen significantly more combat action, which has led to extensive post-deployment refinements of their flight trajectories & terminal dive.
It seems those hard-earned lessons haven't been integrated into the Zircon yet—or at least not in the current production batches being launched into Ukraine. On the other side of the fence, the Patriot system has undergone its own evolution, benefiting from real-world optimization following active engagements.
The true value of modern hypersonic weapons lies in making interception very hard during the midcourse phase. Once they hit the terminal phase, the "invincibility" factor varies wildly, depending heavily on the descent speed:
In a land-attack role, the Zircon likely decelerates to Mach 3–4 during its steep terminal dive in land attack mode. Unlike Hypersonic Glide Vehicles (HGVs), which can maintain hypersonic speeds all the way to impact, the Zircon’s cruise-missile like profile likely forces a trade-off in terminal phase.
still, Zircon’s lower cruise altitude and unpredictable flight path significantly narrow the defender's detection & action window for a terminal intercept compared to a quasi-ballistic missile & While its midcourse maneuvering is superior, that advantage doesn't seem to outweigh the need for a highly optimized terminal trajectory. If the final dive is not optimized, even a shortened window is enough for a modernized interceptor to find its mark.
Also patriot will still need to be quite close to the thing zircon is targeting for higher chances of terminal interception, which isn't possible for all the targets.
So zircon still compresses the defended area and create lot of gaps and vulnerable targets, can only be addressed by costly more denser air defense grid.
thedefensepost.com
2. The missile does not reach the Kremlin’s claimed Mach 9.
The real figures are still formidable:
- Cruise altitude speed: around Mach 5.5
- Peak speed during descent: up to Mach 7.5
- Terminal phase near the ground: slows to around Mach 4.5
Its high terminal speed is what makes it so dangerous.
On approach, the missile travels faster than most Russian cruise missiles ever achieve:
- Soviet-era Kh-22: Mach 2–2.4
- Kinzhal (terminal estimate): Mach 2.5–4
- Zircon (terminal): Mach 4.5
This leaves air defenses very little reaction time.
4. Actual range appears closer to 700 km.
Yeah, mentioned about cases of optimization.It's more the case that Ukraine has only recently received the upgraded Patriot radars and software upgrade, which allow the PAC-3 MSE to utilise their full engagement altitude amongst other things.
The rat-mouse game of optimization will continue.Iskanders are now being intercepted much better too.
Yeah, mentioned about cases of optimization.
*the Patriot system has undergone its own evolution, benefiting from real-world optimization following active engagements*
The report figure of mach 4.5 terminal is somewhat higher than what I assumed, but not opposed to my core points.
It's mostly just the case that Ukraine didn't have the most up-to-date hardware until now though. A THAAD would be more effective still. The key thing to remember is that the Zircon is still powered all the way, whereas the Iskander/Kinzhal is not.The rat-mouse game of optimization will continue.