Rafale DH/EH of Indian Air Force : News and Discussions

MKIs was done 20 years ago. the French is being done right now and therefore should be competing against present russian deals. Not deals from 20 years ago.

I'm talking about what the Russians have offered today. We wanted our hot parts, raise Indian tech to 80% on AL-31FP, but the Russians have restricted it to 63%.

Even the Su-57 offer comes with limited ToT, the same as MKI. The main selling point is it will have Indian avionics, hence our own tech. But the end result still makes the aircraft wholly dependent on Russia for decades. So nothing's changed even today.

We paid $1.9B in ToT costs for the T-90 Mk3, practically subsidsing their entire armour R&D. It was 50% of the cost of the FGFA's R&D. Just 'cause Russian stuff's become 3 times cheaper than their pre-2013 costs should not give them the excuse to rip us off. And still ToT is around 85%.

The Americans are offering 80% ToT for F414 along with 100% of the manufacturing, and permission to eventually replace the remaining 20% with Indian parts as and when they become available, ie, overhaul, making the entire engine Indian.

The French are offering 100% engine ToT for Rafale right off the bat, and 100% ToT and IP for AMCA's engine. They only intend to protect their electronics, which we are actually fine with.

Without the Russians offering 100% of the engine and airframe, the Su-57 deal won't go anywhere, and the Russians have no plans of offering more than 60 or 70% of the engine.

It's also why the Ka-226T deal went on hiatus a few years ago. They offered 62.4%, we wanted 70%. The Russians are renewing their offer with their own engine now for the RSH tender.
 
I'm talking about what the Russians have offered today. We wanted our hot parts, raise Indian tech to 80% on AL-31FP, but the Russians have restricted it to 63%.

Even the Su-57 offer comes with limited ToT, the same as MKI. The main selling point is it will have Indian avionics, hence our own tech. But the end result still makes the aircraft wholly dependent on Russia for decades. So nothing's changed even today.

We paid $1.9B in ToT costs for the T-90 Mk3, practically subsidsing their entire armour R&D. It was 50% of the cost of the FGFA's R&D. Just 'cause Russian stuff's become 3 times cheaper than their pre-2013 costs should not give them the excuse to rip us off. And still ToT is around 85%.

The Americans are offering 80% ToT for F414 along with 100% of the manufacturing, and permission to eventually replace the remaining 20% with Indian parts as and when they become available, ie, overhaul, making the entire engine Indian.

The French are offering 100% engine ToT for Rafale right off the bat, and 100% ToT and IP for AMCA's engine. They only intend to protect their electronics, which we are actually fine with.
The difference is that the Su57 is a generation ahead of the rafale in all sorts of the matter, it makes absolutely no sense for a country to match the technology transfer of a older tech with a newer top of the line one.

Also the main selling point is not just the indian avionics, rafale is not capable enough to tackle true 5th and 6th gen directly unlike Su57, thats the selling point. The Indian avionics is just a huge bonus.

Also lets sign the american deal first before we enjoy the tot.

Also whats your credible sources that france is offering us 100% tot for the rafale? unlike the indo french engine, the tot for the engine and aircraft is much lower than what the russians gave us.
Without the Russians offering 100% of the engine and airframe, the Su-57 deal won't go anywhere, and the Russians have no plans of offering more than 60 or 70% of the engine.

It's also why the Ka-226T deal went on hiatus a few years ago. They offered 62.4%, we wanted 70%. The Russians are renewing their offer with their own engine now for the RSH tender.
100% tot for a 5th gen aircrafts airframe and engine? are you for real my man? I know the russians are generous but they arent stupid, no country will ever do such deals. The audacity to even assume that just giving them some money should entitle someone to their crown jewel is ludicrous.
 
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The difference is that the Su57 is a generation ahead of the rafale in all sorts of the matter,

Not yet. The avionics are what matter, the Su-57's is still WIP. It needs to finish its IOC stage, move on to FOC, and then go through exercises while in squadron service to unlock its potential. F-35 is going through the same thing, although delayed by 10+ years, AMCA too will need 2-3 years after FOC to get full capabilties.

And, at that stage, it needs to match the Rafale F5. Now, I recently heard that RBE2-XG will be GaN-on-SiC rather than on diamond, so that sucks. But it gives the Russians an opportunity to close the gap. But I don't think they are there yet. We need a few years too, say, 2035 with AMCA Mk1. Right now the Russians are barely even a match for the Rafale F4.

Overall, they are 10+ years behind the French. N036 is currently using an analog radar while the French are digital. While the optical sensors are definitely better, the Su-57 needs a GaN upgrade. It's unclear when that will happen. Indian F4s are likely to get GaN too.

ToT is for local production, whereas Russian avionics is in case we make a stopgap purchase, but even if we replace Russian avionics with Indian, we are not at the French level either. The Rafale F5 will still be more advanced than an Indianised Su-57.

Right now the only advantage the Su-57M1 has over the Rafale F4 is supersonic performance, agility, and range, and yes, the optical defensive aids suite.

it makes absolutely no sense for a country to match the technology transfer of a older tech with a newer top of the line one.

While the Rafale's engine is indeed older, I don't think there's much of a difference when it comes to the airframe. Neither of them help with our R&D after all. We need 100% airframe and engine ToT in order to support the jets in-house. It's better to have older tech with full support than newer tech with no/constrained support.

The French are offering more advanced engine tech for AMCA.

Also the main selling point is not just the indian avionics, rafale is not capable enough to tackle true 5th and 6th gen directly unlike Su57, thats the selling point. The Indian avionics is just a huge bonus.

The Su-57 is not there either. It needs further evolution, especially if it has to deal with 6th gen. Like GaN and advanced MUMT using FBL or FBWireless.

Anyway, all that requires a Su-60 or a Su-65, more advanced variants. The vanilla Su-57/M1 is fine for Russia, not for India.

Also lets sign the american deal first before we enjoy the tot.

Sure. But the technical negotiations are complete, so we know what's being offered at the very least.

Also whats your credible sources that france is offering us 100% tot for the rafale? unlike the indo french engine, the tot for the engine and aircraft is much lower than what the russians gave us.

Both Trappier and Snecma/Safran offered 100% ToT for airframe and engine in order to meet the 60% ToT threshold. They want to protect only their core avionics.

100% tot for a 5th gen aircrafts airframe and engine? are you for real my man? I know the russians are generous but they arent stupid, no country will ever do such deals. The audacity to even assume that just giving them some money should entitle someone to their crown jewel is ludicrous.

The crown jewels are avionics. Sure, let's say engines too. But then, they should allow us to modify the engine with our own stuff, but they won't even let us do that. They don't have problems offering airframe though, they offered more advanced airframe tech for AMCA than what exists on the current lot of Su-57 and Su-57Ms. Forcing us to use their raw materials is a problem though.

5th gen tech was difficult to get 10 years ago, but now it's standard. And that's actually why we have decided we are not interested in the Su-57 anymore.

Plus, back during Parrikar's time, the IAF announced that they would be bringing 100% of spares of everything they use to India. The Russians refused to do their part, they wanted to keep their $500M a year business, so the interest in more Russian jets is gone. We are being offered engine tech from the West solely to reduce our dependence on Russia.
 
100% ToT for the engine is not happening unless we pay like 5-7B for the core. Just like what we plan for our aero engine development collab.

Then replacing with our own hot core should become an option.

They will claim loss of business, but that's not an excuse anymore since production will now happen via JVs, so they get to keep half the profits.

And we are not paying the French all that money, it's the cost of the entire program. The Russians can charge ToT money too, just like we are gonna pay extra for Rafale ToT. Nothing comes for free, and we are willing to pay.
 
Overall, they are 10+ years behind the French. N036 is currently using an analog radar while the French are digital. While the optical sensors are definitely better, the Su-57 needs a GaN upgrade. It's unclear when that will happen. Indian F4s are likely to get GaN too.


The upgraded DDM-NG on the Rafale is more than just a MAWS. According to MBDA, it can already support targeting at long range, all around the jet (+ feed from FSO).

Comparable to F-35 EODAS performance. F4 should further build on this.

 
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Bruh, this is wrong on so many levels
Not yet. The avionics are what matter, the Su-57's is still WIP. It needs to finish its IOC stage, move on to FOC, and then go through exercises while in squadron service to unlock its potential. F-35 is going through the same thing, although delayed by 10+ years, AMCA too will need 2-3 years after FOC to get full capabilties.
The 2026 production batches are delivered in a "new technical configuration" with upgraded sensor fusion from real Ukraine combat feedback. N036 Byelka is a full AESA (not analog) with X-band main + side-looking X/L-band cheek arrays + 101KS Atoll IRST. This gives true 360° passive coverage and beaming tactics that Rafale's forward-only RBE2 can't match. The optical suite is superior for passive hunting.
And, at that stage, it needs to match the Rafale F5. Now, I recently heard that RBE2-XG will be GaN-on-SiC rather than on diamond, so that sucks. But it gives the Russians an opportunity to close the gap. But I don't think they are there yet. We need a few years too, say, 2035 with AMCA Mk1. Right now the Russians are barely even a match for the Rafale F4
Rafale F5 (with RBE2-XG GaN radar) is still in early development, ground tests ongoing, service entry early 2030s at best. Rafale F4/F5 is a good 4.5-gen but lacks internal bays, supermaneuverability, and native drone control that the two-seat Su-57M already demonstrates. Su57 has capabilities of both latest 5th gen and some future 6th gen platforms not seen in any other jets.
Overall, they are 10+ years behind the French. N036 is currently using an analog radar while the French are digital. While the optical sensors are definitely better, the Su-57 needs a GaN upgrade. It's unclear when that will happen. Indian F4s are likely to get GaN too.
Already addressed and russia is allowing us to use any radar as per our requirement.
ToT is for local production, whereas Russian avionics is in case we make a stopgap purchase, but even if we replace Russian avionics with Indian, we are not at the French level either. The Rafale F5 will still be more advanced than an Indianised Su-57.

Right now the only advantage the Su-57M1 has over the Rafale F4 is supersonic performance, agility, and range, and yes, the optical defensive aids suite.
False, unless france makes a completely new jet, no version of rafale is even gonna remotely match the Su57 let alone the upgraded Indian Su57 especially in an era of bvr combat and one where you have to also combat in contested enemy airspace, Su57 incorporates stealth shapping, radar blockers, internal weapons bay, ram coating etc while rafale lacks all of the above with a conventional 4th gen airframe. In contest airspace against 5th gen fighters, advanced enemy AD, the rafale will fail to penetrate deep and have to rely on stand off weapons and jamming unlike Su57 which can penetrate deeper. The rafale will also almost destroy its rcs values if it uses a heavy strike loadout.

Recent evidence also shows that no matter how much american fanboys wants to pretend stealth solves everything, manuverability is a critical factor on whether your aircraft will make it out of enemy airspace in one piece or not. Su57 has 3d thrust vectoring, levcons, large wing area, better engines all giving supermaneuverability, post-stall control, and better energy retention. All which will be crucial in enemy airspace.

While the Rafale's engine is indeed older, I don't think there's much of a difference when it comes to the airframe. Neither of them help with our R&D after all. We need 100% airframe and engine ToT in order to support the jets in-house. It's better to have older tech with full support than newer tech with no/constrained support.
Massive difference as I already mentioned above. India would learn precision faceting, edge alignment, radar blockers in intakes, and advanced radar-absorbent coatings, technologies that are still new to us. This is far more advanced than anything we get from Rafale which is not even stealthy.

The Su-57 uses 25–70% composites in critical areas (wing, fuselage, canards). Building it locally would give HAL experience in large co-cured composite assemblies, something we are still learning on AMCA.

Integrating tandem bays with launchers, bay doors, and weapon interfaces teaches us how to manage internal carriage without compromising structural integrity, a core 5th-gen skill AMCA desperately needs.

Not to mention other technologies like 3d thrust vectoring, variable intakes, multi-band sensor integration, E-pilot & AI Assisted Avionics and other Supply Chain and Industrial Ecosystem development for local production of these components.
The French are offering more advanced engine tech for AMCA.
That's a completely different deal and unrelated to the Rafale or Su57.
The Su-57 is not there either. It needs further evolution, especially if it has to deal with 6th gen. Like GaN and advanced MUMT using FBL or FBWireless.

Anyway, all that requires a Su-60 or a Su-65, more advanced variants. The vanilla Su-57/M1 is fine for Russia, not for India.

Sure. But the technical negotiations are complete, so we know what's being offered at the very least.
Already mentioned above.
Both Trappier and Snecma/Safran offered 100% ToT for airframe and engine in order to meet the 60% ToT threshold. They want to protect only their core avionics.
Except they haven't, there is no real or offical sources claiming this. All I could find is at best 50% to maybe 60% tot and that includes only assembly of engine here, no mention of tot for core components or full 100% tot for engine you claim. I'm happy to be proven wrong if you got any real evidence for such claims.
The crown jewels are avionics. Sure, let's say engines too. But then, they should allow us to modify the engine with our own stuff, but they won't even let us do that. They don't have problems offering airframe though, they offered more advanced airframe tech for AMCA than what exists on the current lot of Su-57 and Su-57Ms. Forcing us to use their raw materials is a problem though.
The russians didnt prevent us from modifying the engines, they said you can modify and play around with the engine but since you will replace their tried and tested components with a different ones, they cant give give them warranty if some issues arises. Literally any manufacturer in the word would do the same let alone for the most complex engineering equipment humans have ever made. Why are they supposed to give guarannte for something which they didn't cause?
5th gen tech was difficult to get 10 years ago, but now it's standard. And that's actually why we have decided we are not interested in the Su-57 anymore.
Its standard and yet only 3 countries in the world actually ever made made and operates it. Also, let me get this straight, your great Idea to fix our growing squadron problem and to combat future 5th and 6th generation jets and advanced SAM is to buy more 4th gen jets instead of buying a 5th gen one giving us unrivalled flexibility in modifying and operating it?
 
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If RBE2-XG is going to be GaN-on-SiC and not GaN-on-Diamond like what was earlier speculated, then forget about MKIised Su-57/60, even Su-30MKI UPG. with a monster 2400+ TRM Vurupaksha, based on same tech base(GaN-on-SiC) is going to be much superior to it. MKI's radar also would be on a repositioner giving it almost 240° coverage in azimuth, vs just 120 or at best 140° coverage provided by fixed RBE2-XG.

Anyways, comparing Rafale with MKI UPG. or Su-57MKI is moot as IAF wants both. It's not going to be Rafale vs Su-57 but Rafale with Su-57.
 
The upgraded DDM-NG on the Rafale is more than just a MAWS. According to MBDA, it can already support targeting at long range, all around the jet (+ feed from FSO).

Comparable to F-35 EODAS performance. F4 should further build on this.


Always has been, but it has blindspots and is based on older tech for now. Relatively, Su-57's IRST and UV are next gen, and comes with 360 deg EODAS type coverage. Plus DIRCM. It's a true next gen capability. Rafale is unlikely to ever match the Su-57 in this area.
 
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Always has been, but it has blindspots and is based on older tech for now. Relatively, Su-57's IRST and UV are next gen, and comes with 360 deg EODAS type coverage. Plus DIRCM. It's a true next gen capability. Rafale is unlikely to ever match the Su-57 in this area.
the rafale cant match the su57 in anything apart from maybe EW. Especially not if an Indian version of the su57 uses Indian electronics and radars. Its not meant to match a su57 either, it meant to be an aircraft with high availability who can be used at war for cheap precision strikes.
 
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Bruh, this is wrong on so many levels

The 2026 production batches are delivered in a "new technical configuration" with upgraded sensor fusion from real Ukraine combat feedback. N036 Byelka is a full AESA (not analog) with X-band main + side-looking X/L-band cheek arrays + 101KS Atoll IRST. This gives true 360° passive coverage and beaming tactics that Rafale's forward-only RBE2 can't match. The optical suite is superior for passive hunting.

The Su-57 has an analog radar, the same as the F-22 and F-35. Even the Rafale F3R carries an analog radar. F4 got the digital upgrade.

And even if it's delivered in a "new technical configuration," it's still WIP. In order to unlock real world capabilities, it has to be operationally tested. F-35 achieved IOC in 2016 and FOC in 2019, but it's still not fully operational. MKI was inducted in 2002 but became operational only in 2007. What was delivered was the hardware with minimal software, and the software is unlocked after operational testing and that takes a few years. Without the software, it's just paperweight.

Su-57 and Su-57M right now are still in IOC. In another 2 years, Su-57M will achieve FOC. And then, whether they take 2 or 3 years (standard French development time for block upgrades) or 10+ years (the F-35 f*ckup), it's up to them.

For us to make a decision, the jet first needs to get FOC with Izd 30, and then show off their avionics in lab conditions, like the F-35 did with JSE. That's the bare minimum.

Rafale F5 (with RBE2-XG GaN radar) is still in early development, ground tests ongoing, service entry early 2030s at best. Rafale F4/F5 is a good 4.5-gen but lacks internal bays, supermaneuverability, and native drone control that the two-seat Su-57M already demonstrates. Su57 has capabilities of both latest 5th gen and some future 6th gen platforms not seen in any other jets.

Those other features are unfortunately irrelevant right now. Even the F5 is not relevant today, but if the F4 comes with GaN and the Su-57 does not match that, it's gonna be a problem. There are different degrees in system design of the GaN too, so it's gonna have to match that level at the bare minimum. Virupaksha is also GaN-on-SiC, but comes with subarray partitioning rather than element-level partitioning.

What matters to the IAF is far ahead on the Rafale; the radar, EW suite, and software maturity, alongside operational maturity of the airframe and engine. The expectation is the Su-57 combines its superior airframe and engine with superior avionics too. But with avionics not even matching the F4 while potentially being behind F5, it makes the Su-57 useless to the IAF. You are expecting the IAF to take a massive risk with an aircraft that's not likely to be better than the Rafale in what the IAF considers to be the most important category, the core avionics?

False, unless france makes a completely new jet, no version of rafale is even gonna remotely match the Su57 let alone the upgraded Indian Su57 especially in an era of bvr combat and one where you have to also combat in contested enemy airspace, Su57 incorporates stealth shapping, radar blockers, internal weapons bay, ram coating etc while rafale lacks all of the above with a conventional 4th gen airframe. In contest airspace against 5th gen fighters, advanced enemy AD, the rafale will fail to penetrate deep and have to rely on stand off weapons and jamming unlike Su57 which can penetrate deeper. The rafale will also almost destroy its rcs values if it uses a heavy strike loadout.

It's not that simple. Rafale penetrates enemy airspace using tactics, the Su-57 is not suitable for using such tactics. Rafale's also designed to fight using its own unique strengths that most other fighters are not designed for, that's also why its AAMs, bombs, and defensive systems are unique. Both jets are complementary in the use of tactics.

Recent evidence also shows that no matter how much american fanboys wants to pretend stealth solves everything, manuverability is a critical factor on whether your aircraft will make it out of enemy airspace in one piece or not. Su57 has 3d thrust vectoring, levcons, large wing area, better engines all giving supermaneuverability, post-stall control, and better energy retention. All which will be crucial in enemy airspace.

Su-57 has not been designed to survive in enemy airspace. It's been designed to fulfill Su-35's role, ie, protect Russian airspace from within Russia. You need to read up on Russian air defense doctrine.

For operating inside enemy airspace, they will have to work on a penetrating strike variant that acts as a successor to the Su-34.

The Su-57's main job is to just fire missiles from long range, that's also why it comes with an external EOTS, 'cause dropping bombs is a secondary role. You don't need to penetrate hostile airspace if you don't plan on dropping bombs. The S-37 will handle that.

Massive difference as I already mentioned above. India would learn precision faceting, edge alignment, radar blockers in intakes, and advanced radar-absorbent coatings, technologies that are still new to us. This is far more advanced than anything we get from Rafale which is not even stealthy.

Local production has no relevance to R&D. Whatever we import and produce won't be handed over to ADA or DRDO, be it Rafale or Su-57.

We are already working on far more advanced technologies for AMCA.

In any case, by the time all that ToT comes in, AMCA will be finishing flight testing, making all of this pointless.

The Su-57 uses 25–70% composites in critical areas (wing, fuselage, canards). Building it locally would give HAL experience in large co-cured composite assemblies, something we are still learning on AMCA.

We are already there.

Su-57's tech won't help AMCA.

Integrating tandem bays with launchers, bay doors, and weapon interfaces teaches us how to manage internal carriage without compromising structural integrity, a core 5th-gen skill AMCA desperately needs.

We are already there. This won't help AMCA either.

Not to mention other technologies like 3d thrust vectoring, variable intakes, multi-band sensor integration, E-pilot & AI Assisted Avionics and other Supply Chain and Industrial Ecosystem development for local production of these components.

None of what you have listed anywhere will help AMCA. It's too late.

All the technologies meant to go on AMCA already exist today. That's why it's taken so much time to start the program.

That's a completely different deal and unrelated to the Rafale or Su57.

I'm talking about the level of ToT expected from here on. If the West is willing to give up 5th gen engine tech + roadmap to 6th gen with 100% ToT, the Russians will have to match. It's now the bare minimum.

Except they haven't, there is no real or offical sources claiming this. All I could find is at best 50% to maybe 60% tot and that includes only assembly of engine here, no mention of tot for core components or full 100% tot for engine you claim. I'm happy to be proven wrong if you got any real evidence for such claims.

They won't achieve 60% ToT without handing over the airframe and engine.


Back then, 70% represented the airframe and engine for the F3R. Electronics has become a whole lot more expensive, so the French should be able to manage 60% after handing over the airframe and engine.

The russians didnt prevent us from modifying the engines, they said you can modify and play around with the engine but since you will replace their tried and tested components with a different ones, they cant give give them warranty if some issues arises. Literally any manufacturer in the word would do the same let alone for the most complex engineering equipment humans have ever made. Why are they supposed to give guarannte for something which they didn't cause?

No, the Russians refused to certify the engine. It's fine if they don't provide warranty, but without engine certification, they will even refuse certification on the entire jet.

They basically said we can go ahead without their permission since they can't stop it, but that they won't certify anything, that's pretty much a denial.

After replacing F414's American parts with Indian, the Americans will certify the engine.

Its standard and yet only 3 countries in the world actually ever made made and operates it. Also, let me get this straight, your great Idea to fix our growing squadron problem and to combat future 5th and 6th generation jets and advanced SAM is to buy more 4th gen jets instead of buying a 5th gen one giving us unrivalled flexibility in modifying and operating it?

Because our goal is now to introduce 6th gen avionics on a 5th gen airframe. Su-57 cannot meet that expectation within the same time as AMCA's arrival. Let's see if it even matches the Rafale first.

Hell, all this is irrelevant if the Su-57 doesn't come with Izd 30 in the first place. Even the Su-57M1 comes with just an uprated IOC engine. It shows how far behind the program has fallen.
 
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If RBE2-XG is going to be GaN-on-SiC and not GaN-on-Diamond like what was earlier speculated, then forget about MKIised Su-57/60, even Su-30MKI UPG. with a monster 2400+ TRM Vurupaksha, based on same tech base(GaN-on-SiC) is going to be much superior to it. MKI's radar also would be on a repositioner giving it almost 240° coverage in azimuth, vs just 120 or at best 140° coverage provided by fixed RBE2-XG.

Anyways, comparing Rafale with MKI UPG. or Su-57MKI is moot as IAF wants both. It's not going to be Rafale vs Su-57 but Rafale with Su-57.

Virupaksha does not come with an advanced TRM design though. Diamond will have given it a size and power density advantage but the design of the TRM itself is independent from the substrate. There's too much of a qualitative difference between element level and subarray level, making Virupaksha a pretty standard digital radar with a regular TRM design.

It appears diamond requires a lot more electrical power, which current lot of 4th and 5th gen jets cannot provide. And needs greater bulk orders for economies of scale to work out.
 
Just a query with regards to source code and weapons integration etc.

What is the criteria for integration of foreign weapons on existing Indian Air Force Platforms in simple terms - how does this work?

To make my case - for example - the Integration of AASM Hammer on the Su 30 ?


Did anyone see the youtube video of Bharat Shanki - Inside IAF’s Software Development Institute

They actually talked abt and showed how they were going to do it BEFORE they took down the vids and edited that part out

Screenshot 2026-04-07 132837.png

The gray box/crate behind the chair seen in the above screenshot actually contained a pair of AASM (without warhead) connected to the Su30 Simulator
 
the rafale cant match the su57 in anything apart from maybe EW. Especially not if an Indian version of the su57 uses Indian electronics and radars. Its not meant to match a su57 either, it meant to be an aircraft with high availability who can be used at war for cheap precision strikes.

Today? No. Su-57 is barely early 5th gen.
Eventually better than the Rafale F4? Definitely. F4 is mid-late 5th gen. It's only missing GaN, and IAF variants could come with it.
Better than the F5? Not in its current variant. Perhaps the two seater. This is early 6th gen.

Yes, both jets are complementary, but only after the Su-57 is fully developed. And gone beyond what's possible today.

Look, it's easily established. Su-57 and M1 currently use the 1553B+fiber data bus for its avionics, the same as the Rafale F4 and below. So that's where the jet's at, whereas F5 comes with a new next-gen fiber data bus expected to handle 6th gen bandwidth. How do you expect the Su-57 or M1 to match that when the foundational backbone is a generation behind? There's a proper generational gap in avionics here.

Indian avionics are moot to the discussion. We sign a deal today, start work, get the avionics done, produce the jet, take deliveries, and it's gonna be 2035. And if we are to make it relevant to the jet itself, the avionics have to be more advanced than what MKI Phase 1 is getting, definitely beyond Su-57M1 too. The IAF's looking at what Russia's offering for Phase 2, so it's not like they are behind anybody, they merely do not match up to the needs of this decade. It's likely that MKI will stay at late 5th gen alongside Su-57/M1 for quite some time. The IAF values proven capabilities over experimental ones.

To achieve the level of maturity the Rafale is at, the Felon needs 5-10 years after service entry. And to match the actual capabilities of the F5, it definitely needs a new multirole variant with a new next-gen bus architecture. But by the time this happens, the F5 will be mature, so will AMCA, and we can take risk with new 6th gen jets instead.
 
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Always has been, but it has blindspots and is based on older tech for now. Relatively, Su-57's IRST and UV are next gen, and comes with 360 deg EODAS type coverage. Plus DIRCM. It's a true next gen capability. Rafale is unlikely to ever match the Su-57 in this area.

The NG version is sensitive enough to pick up heat signatures of relatively small, subsonic manpads as per MBDA (versus supersonics). This means that the look down coverage is good for a sensor mounted so high up on the tail fin.

Russian EO/IR tech has lagged behind the West for a long time. Until recently Russia was using French Catherine thermal imagers on its own T-90s and nearly acquired the Damocles targeting pod some years ago.

If you say that was from long ago, the bulky targeting pod on the Ka-52M attack helo is a more recent example.

I'd also point out that FSO has a dedicated IRST + TV/LRF in separate housings. This arrangement should provide better range, resolution than traditional IRST, imo.
 
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And, whoa, I just learned the Rafale has been using a three-channel FBL since the 90s.

Is that right @Picdelamirand-oil?

I came across this while I was researching data bus speeds for next gen.

So F5 retains the FBL while getting a new fiber optic bus for avionics.

No wonder it's so far ahead in terms of drone control compared to peers. Damn shame I just learned this fact.
 
I'll break down what I've learned.

The F-35 uses 1 Mbps 1553B for old systems but vehicle management is led by a 400-800 Mbps FireWire bus using copper (2 versions) and missions systems are managed by a 1-2 Gbps fiber line.

Su-57 uses 1+ Mbps copper 1553B for vehicle management while avionics is led by a 1-2 Gbps line, which will be upgraded to 8 Gbps over time. Unsure if that 8 Mbps is in this variant or in future variants.

Rafale F4 and below use copper 1553B for avionics supported by a single fiber line. The old 20 Mbps line was apparently upgraded to 1 Gbps in later versions. The FCS is controlled by FBL called CDVO, which was designed to eliminate interference from a nuclear strike. It's a point-to-point system and the data rate is unknown. And the F5 will be upgraded by a similar P2P system for avionics versus the shared system the Su-57 and F-35 have. The advantage is each sensor will get its own fiber link headed towards the MDPU for processing and sensor fusion making it a deterministic system. Of course it could also be a hybrid shared system for less critical traffic. A shared system is more flexible in terms of future upgrades.

So the F5 will not just have FBL, but the mission systems will cumulatively use much higher bandwitdth than what's currently possible on the F-35 and Su-57. This should still allow a far more seamless connection with MUMT drones than what's possible on F-35 and Su-57.

AMCA will use FireWire 800 with optical link for vehicle management and a shared optical link for avionics and networking, but much, much faster than all the above figures, climbing up from 10-100 Gbps and potentially going into Tbps by the 2040s, similar to other 6th gen jets.
 
And, whoa, I just learned the Rafale has been using a three-channel FBL since the 90s.

Is that right @Picdelamirand-oil?

I came across this while I was researching data bus speeds for next gen.

So F5 retains the FBL while getting a new fiber optic bus for avionics.

No wonder it's so far ahead in terms of drone control compared to peers. Damn shame I just learned this fact.
We had a conversation where I told you this, and I still maintain that all of their buses use fiber optics. However, since the system is old, the speeds aren’t what they are today, but to upgrade them, all you have to do is replace the couplers, not the fiber bundle, which is much cheaper in terms of labor. That was the easiest way to make it immune to the EMP from a nuclear explosion. But you never want to take my word for it. Maybe you’re right about how they want to develop this for the F5; I no longer have contact with the people doing the design now.
 
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The NG version is sensitive enough to pick up heat signatures of relatively small, subsonic manpads as per MBDA (versus supersonics). This means that the look down coverage is good for a sensor mounted so high up on the tail fin.

Russian EO/IR tech has lagged behind the West for a long time. Until recently Russia was using French Catherine thermal imagers on its own T-90s and nearly acquired the Damocles targeting pod some years ago.

If you say that was from long ago, the bulky targeting pod on the Ka-52M attack helo is a more recent example.

I'd also point out that FSO has a dedicated IRST + TV/LRF in separate housings. This arrangement should provide better range, resolution than traditional IRST, imo.

The Russians are playing catch up with the West, and have caught up with optical sensors.

But you're talking about FSO whereas I'm talking about the new EODAS on the Su-57M1.

The Rafale's TV channel was made to meet NATO RoE which require physical identification of the target before being attacked. It's not going to be as relevant during a war.

Rafale F4.2 and Su-57 now have QWIP IRST, while Typhoon, Gripen E, and KF-21 have older MCT. LCA Mk2 will have QWIP too.
 
We had a conversation where I told you this, and I still maintain that all of their buses use fiber optics. However, since the system is old, the speeds aren’t what they are today, but to upgrade them, all you have to do is replace the couplers, not the fiber bundle, which is much cheaper in terms of labor. That was the easiest way to make it immune to the EMP from a nuclear explosion. But you never want to take my word for it. Maybe you’re right about how they want to develop this for the F5; I no longer have contact with the people doing the design now.

When was this? 'Cause I don't remember it at all. Was this back on the older forum? I vaguely recollect we discussed this over a decade ago.

Yeah, I always thought it was 1 fiber channel for FCS and avionics bus each, never for the entire FCS. This was a pretty bad misconception. My bad.