Dassault chief Trappier outlines Rafale roadmap to F5 standards
By Dominic Perry March 5, 2025
Dassault Aviation's F5 Rafale fighter will feature more powerful engines, improved survivability and data links, and will be accompanied by an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) weighing more than 10 tonnes, according to the French aircraft manufacturer's chief executive.
The stealthy UCAV will be more than twice the size of the Neuron, an unmanned demonstrator developed by the company and its partners over the past decade.
Speaking to FlightGlobal in Paris on 5 March, Eric Trappier said he hoped to receive a development contract for the F5 from the French government in the coming months, with a view to entry into service in 2030.
Dassault envisages a UCAV twice the size of the Neuron technology demonstrator.
Because of the aircraft's nuclear deterrent mission, the F5 will be designed to carry the new ASN4G munition, a hypersonic scramjet missile developed by MBDA.
Although the exact upgrade requirements for the F5 will be determined by the French armed forces, Trappier says that ‘connectivity will be important for the nuclear mission’.
In addition, other systems will also need to be upgraded, such as radar, other sensors and the countermeasures suite.
‘The first objective of a fighter is to survive so that it can fire its weapons,’ he explains.
When initial study work on the F5 was announced last October, French Defence Minister Sébastien Lecornu said the Rafale would be ‘supported by a stealth combat drone’.
‘We believe that adding a UCAV to the Rafale could also improve mission performance with air-to-ground and air-to-air capabilities,’ Trappier said.
In the 2010s, Dassault developed and flew its Neuron UCAV demonstrator, leading a multinational team on the project.
According to Mr Trappier, the new UCAV will be considerably larger than the Neuron, which was ‘a small drone’ with a maximum take-off mass of around 5-6 t. ‘We're going to more than double the mass of the UCAV,’ he says.
‘We're going to more than double that weight in order to carry weapons and achieve a certain range. It will be a big drone.
He refuses to say whether it will be a single-engine or twin-engine aircraft, but specifies that it will have stealth characteristics.
At the same time, Safran Aircraft Engines has launched a programme to increase the thrust of the Rafale's M88 engines.
Known as the T-Rex project, improvements to the engine's hot section will increase thrust beyond the current maximum of 50 kN (11,240 lb) without increasing engine size.
Mr Trappier would not comment on the exact thrust required, but said it was ‘a little more than we had previously envisaged’.
Keeping the same engine size also means that there is no need to change the basic design of the Rafale.
‘It is possible to increase the size of the Rafale slightly, but that is not the way we envisage the [F5] today,’ Trappier explains.
Meanwhile, Dassault aims to deliver 25 multi-role fighters this year - an increase of four units on its 2024 performance - 13 of which will be handed over to the French air force.
Production of the main parts of the aircraft in-house and at some subcontractors is proceeding at what Mr Trappier calls ‘pace 3’ - sufficient to support the production of three aircraft a month - but this has not yet been passed on to the final assembly line at Mérignac.
‘At Mérignac, we need a little time to increase our production’, he explains.
At rate 3, 33 jets would be built in a year - the factory closes every August - and there are also plans to increase the rate to rate 4.
Even higher rates could be achieved if demand allows, he notes.
Mr Trappier remains confident that India will soon contract for 26 Rafale Ms with transport capability for its navy, with the air force also considering a further order to complement the existing fleet of 36 aircraft.
New Delhi's major commitments are likely to require the localisation of production to comply with the ‘Make in India’ programme, which would lead Dassault to ‘open a new assembly line in India to be able to absorb the load’, says Mr Trappier.
France is also considering another batch of up to 30 aircraft for delivery in the 2030s.
Dassault's order book for the Rafale comprises 56 aircraft for France and 164 for export customers, including Indonesia, Serbia and the United Arab Emirates. The first aircraft for the United Arab Emirates recently entered service at Mérignac.