India-Bangladesh relations.

India, Bangladesh to hold first physical Joint Consultative Commission Meeting today​

India and Bangladesh are set to hold the seventh meeting of the Joint Consultative Commission (JCC) on Sunday, the External Affairs Ministry said.
The first physical JCC Meeting between India and Bangladesh will be held in New Delhi today and External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar will co-chair the meeting along with his Bangladeshi counterpart AK Abdul Momen. The JCC will review the bilateral ties including cooperation in the wake of COVID-19, border management and security, trade and investment, connectivity, energy, water resources, development partnership and regional and multilateral issues, the MEA said.

This will be the first physical meeting since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. The previous meeting was held in 2020 virtually.
Both countries actively engage in cooperation projects to boost bilateral relations.

As part of the ongoing Indo-Bangladesh defence cooperation, the armies of India and Bangladesh recently conducted the 10th edition of the joint military exercise — SAMPRITI X — from June 5 to June 16 in Bangladesh.
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India, Bangladesh to hold first physical Joint Consultative Commission Meeting today

This will be the first physical meeting since the COVID-19 pandemic broke out. The previous meeting was held in 2020 virtually.
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Cementing Bangladesh-Northeast India ties through Assam CM’s Dhaka visit​

According to media reports, Assam’s Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma is likely to visit the neighbouring country Bangladesh shortly further to strengthen the age-old relations between the two countries. Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sharma confirmed the matter in a tweet.​


Himanta Biswa Sarma, the Chief Minister of Assam, has been asked to visit Bangladesh by Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Dr. AK Abdul Momen in order to advance bilateral relations. The Assam CM’s Office in Guwahati verified that Dr. AK Abdul Momen sent the invitation through letter dated July 5th.

Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina gifted her country’s famed 200 kgs of ‘Amrapali’ mangoes to Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma this month earlier.

Bangladesh Foreign Minister AK Abdul Momen departed for Guwahati in order to attend the third NADI Conclave International River Conference, which was opened by his Indian colleague S Jaishankar, from May 28 to 29. The Chief Minister (CM) of India’s Assam state, Dr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, commended Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina last month (June) for her administration’s “zero tolerance policy” toward terrorism and insurgency, noting that peace and stability are crucial to his state’s development.

He extended his appreciation to Dr. AK Abdul Momen, the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh, during their meeting at the Koinadhara State Guest House in Khanapara, Guwahati. This visit not only strengthen the relations between Bangladesh-Assam-Northeast India but also the relationship between the two countries. This visit will open a new chapter of bilateral ties between Bangladesh-NER when Bangladesh and Northeast India are facing some common problems such as devastating flood. This visit will ensure the better interest of the two sides in the case of connectivity, transborder trade, mutual confidence.

Earlier, former director-general of Indian NSG (National Security Guard), Jayanto Narayan Choudhury said recently that the security challenges India faced in its northeastern region have been controlled and managed, in part thanks to the enormous assistance Bangladesh has provided. It is true that Bangladesh played major role in ensuring peace in northeast India.​

Bangladesh is responsible for laying the foundation for a tranquil North East India. North East Indian provinces are gaining from those as regional states. Bangladesh has been crucial in the region’s efforts to reduce terrorism. North East India especially Assam has been liberated from separatism and extremism thanks to Bangladesh’s transfer of ULFA fighters to India. Bangladesh wants its neighbors to live in peace and harmony. Bangladesh rejects anarchy and turmoil. As a result, Bangladesh deserves to receive eternal gratitude from North East India. Conflicts on either the domestic or international front are disliked in Bangladesh. In order to achieve this, Bangladesh and the CHT militants signed the “Chittagong Hill Tract Peace Accord” in 1997. In the past, it also returned a number of Chakma refugees to their home country.

Major security concerns that India has long had have already been addressed by Bangladesh. A substantial portion of the insurgents in India’s northeast have been turned up to India by Bangladesh. These insurgents were operating against India from Bangladeshi territory. The United Liberation Front of Assam (ULFA) insurgent group member Major Anup Chetia caused the Indian security officials a lot of trouble. Additionally, Bangladesh turned him over to India. Bangladesh strictly forbade the activity of these terrorist and rebel organizations that receive support from abroad. Bangladesh truly wishes North East India well. This should be understood by all the North-East Indian regions, especially Assam.

Nevertheless, Bangladesh and India share a border. India and Bangladesh enjoy a cordial, complex, and wide-ranging relationship. The 50th anniversary of bilateral ties is being commemorated by both nations. The other partner in this partnership is Assam. Bangladesh is bordered by five provinces of India, including Assam. Assam, the largest state in India’s Northeast Region (NER), and Bangladesh share about 263 kilometers of riverine and land border. The Indian government values Assam’s involvement in trade and commerce with Bangladesh given its size,
population, and location. Assam is therefore crucial for Bangladesh.

When External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar visited in Dhaka, Bangladesh, last month (in May, 20220 to extend an invitation to Sheikh Hasina for her upcoming New Delhi visit in September this year, Sheikh Hasina offered India the use of the Chittagong Port. The northeastern provinces of India, particularly Assam and Tripura, will benefit from the prime minister Sheikh Hasina’s recent offer to India. This is particularly important since there has long been a demand for connectivity between Bangladesh and mainland India’s northeast via multiple modes of transportation. In-depth conversations were held before efforts to increase capacity on railroads, highways, and waterways were started. Over the past few years, successful trial runs and transshipments have also taken place.

West Bengal forms the bulk of the Bangladesh-India border. In terms of commercial operations, this Bengali-speaking region of India dominates. The strength and potential of the bilateral trade relations between Bangladesh and North East India should be a priority for the North-Eastern Indian states, particularly Assam. This is something that Assam should pay close attention to. In South Asia, Bangladesh is experiencing an economic miracle. It is real. Therefore, strengthening the business relations between Assam and Bangladesh will be advantageous. Assam ought to take advantage of any prospective connections with Bangladesh. Growing connectivity and trade relations could be advantageous for Bangladesh. In this regard, Assam and Bangladesh can work together.

The economic growth of Bangladesh can help Assam. For Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos, connectivity between Assam and Bangladesh may be advantageous. (Potential link between Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, and Thailand). Also Read: All dynasties need to pay attention after Shinde’s insurrection Given that Bangladesh is cut off from the northeastern region of India, transit across it is crucial. Because of this, it is necessary to foster cooperation in Bangladesh’s development. Southeast Asia will be accessible once Chittagong and Mongla ports are fully utilized. Railway, river, and aviation connectivity would improve the area. On the Bangladeshi side of the border, both parties should erect “Border Huts” where people can exchange a range of items for their home currencies.

The ultimate winners would be people from both sides. Both governments anticipate that people will find this style of border cottage to be quite appealing. In the Dhubri area of Lower Assam, India and Bangladesh are permitted to construct border huts along the international boundary.

Ultimately, using this will be advantageous to the residents of Sylhet and Assam. More land tariff stations can be built along the border between Bangladesh and Assam. This will promote and boost volume of land-based international trade. The land tariff stations at Sheola, Balla, and Bholaganj could increase and speed up cross-border trade. Bangladesh and Assam tourist exchange could be a potential industry.

Through their borders, Bangladeshi visitors can travel to Assam. The historical linkages that once existed on the border between Assam and larger Sylhet should be strengthened. Reopening long-suspended rail, road, and river connections will improve connectivity between the two nations. Sutarkandi is the international border between Bangladesh and India and is well known for being a hub of international trade. Fruit, silicon, and coal exports are all carried out through this area.

The location is in the Assam district of Karimganj. However, Assamese can visit places like Malini Chara Tea Garden, Bichana Kandi, Ratargul Swamp Forest, Jaflong, Shaha Jalal Dargah, Sri Mangal, etc. as tourist destinations. On March 9, 2021, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi jointly opened the Bangladesh-India “Goodwill Bridge,” noting that regional connectivity not only promotes the friendship between Bangladesh and India but also creates strong trade links. According to the Prime Minister of India, such a connection between Bangladesh and India would be crucial for trade between Bangladesh and North East India, especially Assam.

The location is in the Assam district of Karimganj. However, Assamese can visit places like Malini Chara Tea Garden, Bichana Kandi, Ratargul Swamp Forest, Jaflong, Shaha Jalal Dargah, Sri Mangal, etc. as tourist destinations. On March 9, 2021, Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi jointly opened the Bangladesh-India “Goodwill Bridge,” noting that regional connectivity not only promotes the friendship between Bangladesh and India but also creates strong trade links. According to the Prime Minister of India, such a connection between Bangladesh and India would be crucial for trade between Bangladesh and North East India, especially Assam.

In a joint venture between Numaligarh Refinery Limited and Bangladesh Petroleum Corporation, Bangladesh and India have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the building of a high-speed diesel pipeline from Numaligarh in Assam to Parbatipur in Bangladesh. As a gesture of goodwill, the Indian Railways have already sent a first shipment of 2,200 tonnes of diesel in 50 wagons from Siliguri in West Bengal to Parbatipur. During Modi’s most recent visit, the choice was made to construct the pipeline. There could be some NRC issues between Bangladesh and Assam. However, these issues should be handled diplomatically and politically. Bangladesh and Assam should gain from improved connectivity and trade relations.

The potential for increased exports of goods from Sylhet and Bangladesh to Assam in northeastern India is enormous. Assam may help Bangladesh by contributing. Assam can convince the Indian Central Government to support Bangladesh in the event that a solution to the Rohingya problem is needed, cease border killings along the India-Bangladesh border, and sign the Teesta water-sharing agreement as soon as feasible. The Brahmaputra-Barak-Padma-Meghna riverine waterways must connect Bangladesh’s ports with Assam in order to promote regional economic development and restore train connectivity between Bangladesh and the North East. Assam and Sylhet have a long-standing friendship.

It is necessary to sustain Bangladesh’s bilateral ties with its seven sister states, including Assam and Meghalaya in northeastern India. The expansion of trade and commerce between Bangladesh, including Sylhet, and the seven sister states, including Assam, won’t happen till then. Bangladesh and Assam can collaborate in the apparel, medical tourism, IT, and educational sectors. Additionally, Bangladesh and Assam can cooperate in the fight against terrorism, human trafficking, and the illegal drug trade, among other areas. With cooperation from MEA and the Assam government, the state can fight for improved rail, road, and air connectivity with Bangladesh in the future, as well as an emphasis on fisheries, tourism, organic food, silk, crude oil, and work permits for talented youth.

Bangladesh forms an important triangle with Bhutan and Myanmar around Assam. Assam must be encouraged and assisted by the Union government to benefit from its proximity to these three nations. In general, Assam and Bangladesh have enormous potential for trade, connectivity, people-to-people exchange, and cultural diplomacy. The potentials should be reaped by Bangladesh and Assam. The moment has come for Bangladesh and Assam to benefit. As Bangladesh paved the way for the Assam peace process in North East India, North East India should now pave the way for fulfilling Bangladesh’s demand. Commerce, conservation, culture, connectivity and capacity building are central to mutual growth.
 

Indian Army Chief’s Bangladesh visit: Revisiting Indo-Bangladesh strategic ties​


Indian-Army-Chiefs-Bangladesh-visit


Kamal Uddin Mazumder
Indian Army Chief General Manoj Pande is visiting Dhaka on a three-day visit at the invitation of his Bangladesh counterpart General SM Shafiuddin Ahmed, to further strengthen the defense and bilateral ties between the two nations. This is the first foreign trip of General Pande since taking charge of the office. “Continuing with the excellent bilateral defence ties between India and Bangladesh, General Manoj Pande, the chief of army staff (COAS) has proceeded on a visit to Bangladesh from 18 to 20 July 2022.” Reads the Indian Defence Ministry statement. General Pande’s maiden overseas tour destination in Bangladesh, manifests his respect for Bangladesh and the historic and existing good relations between the two armies.

Indian Army Chief paid a courtesy visit to his Bangladeshi Counterpart at the Bangladesh Army Headquarters in Dhaka Cantonment where top military officials of the closest neighbors talked over prevailing good relations and various aspects of mutual cooperation for future advancement between the two military forces. He called on PM Sheikh Hasina at her official residence Gono Bhaban where she gratefully recalled the crucial role of the Indian government, the country’s armed forces, and the people during the 1971 Liberation War.

Significance of regular bilateral visit
At present, India and Bangladesh share a warmer relationship, and they are cooperating in the various socio-economic, political, military, technological, and cultural contexts of South Asia. There are now regular reciprocal visits by leaders of their governments and armed forces.
President Ram Nath Kovind and PM Narendra Modi paid a landmark visit to Bangladesh in December and March 2021 respectively. Undoubtedly, these regular top-level visits play a significant role in consolidating the dynamism of contemporary ties. Because, the visits provided an opportunity to renew bonds between the two countries based on a shared geographical space, shared heritage, and shared history.

The visit of Gen Pande is testimony to the high priority that both countries attach to each other and their desire to further strengthen this relationship based on shared values, mutual trust, and understanding. It will act as a catalyst for closer coordination and cooperation on a host of strategic issues. Ongoing talks between the top leadership of the armed forces can help dispel misconceptions harboured by both parties and are contributing to a mutual understanding of each other’s viewpoints.

Growing Indo-Bangla relations
It is noteworthy that India’s relationship with Bangladesh is one of the main pillars of its ‘Neighbourhood First’ and ‘Act East Policies’. Recently, India and Bangladesh enjoy robust and multifaceted bilateral cooperation in diverse areas, including trade and connectivity, energy and power, border management, defence and security, culture, and people-to-people links.

Understandably, Bangladesh is key to India’s land links eastwards. When Prime Minister Hasina came to power in 2009, Dhaka assured Delhi that it would never allow even “an inch of its territory” to be used by any extremist activity against India in line with the former’s zero-tolerance policy against terrorism and militancy.

New Delhi’s major “security concerns” in seven sisters had already been addressed significantly by Bangladesh. Former DG of the Indian National Security Guard said recently that the security challenges India faced in its northeastern region have been controlled and managed, in part thanks to the enormous assistance Bangladesh has provided.

India is today one of Bangladesh’s most important economic partners. Bangladesh is India’s largest trade partner in South Asia and India is the second largest trade partner of Bangladesh. Despite the pandemic, bilateral trade grew at an unprecedented rate of 14 percent from USD 9.46 billion in the year 2019-20 to USD 10.78 billion in 2020-21. Bangladesh is also India’s most important development partner both in terms of value and range of cooperation. India extends about a third of its total global development assistance under the lines of credit to Bangladesh.

The recent trend of military ties
Bangladesh is one of the most outstanding strategic military partners of India from a security standpoint. Defence cooperation has seen significant progress in the last few years. This push is demonstrated in the exchange of visits between leaders of the two nations, as well as the conduct of training programmes, joint exercises, and humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR).

Bangladesh is a long-time tested and genuine strategic friend of India. Apart from economic cooperation, major engagements in border management, counter-terrorism, capacity-building, technology exchange, space research, cyber security, connectivity, shipping, and other areas of cooperation are expanding.

Under ‘joint training and exercises, the defence services of both countries are now participating in joint exercises, medical assistance, and training programmes. SAMPRITI, the joint military exercise operation to counter terrorism completed its 10th edition at Jashore Military Station on June 16, 2022.

The exercise provided an opportunity for the contingents from both Armies to understand each other’s tactical drills and operational techniques as well as to share their experience in Counter Insurgency/ Counter Terrorism, Peace Keeping, and Disaster Relief Operation under the United Nations mandate.

As the Bay of Bengal, regions are prone to cross-border organized crimes such as human trafficking, and fake currency, arms, and narcotics smuggling, a high level of cooperation between security agencies can help tackle such challenges as well as secure maritime trade for littoral countries, especially for Bangladesh.

Though Bangladesh is heavily dependent on China for conventional military weapons, some security expert views that time has come to move away from a single source supply of defense equipment and thus China needs to be balanced by strengthening defence cooperation with India and Russia too. It is worth mentioning Bangladesh and China have an umbrella agreement on defence cooperation signed in December 2002, under former PM Khaleda Zia.

During Prime Minister Hasina’s 2017 visit to India, the two countries signed a series of agreements and MoUs for enhancing cooperation in the field of national security, and strategic and operational studies. Both the countries inked a pact on the defence cooperation framework apart from signing an agreement for extending a $500 million Line of Credit (LOC) for the purchase of military hardware.

To conclude, India-Bangladesh bonhomie in the security dimension has undeniably reached new heights in the past few years and it can easily be speculated that Indo-Bangladesh strategic relations will continue to add “more depth and momentum” in the defence and security aspect of the bilateral relationship as both countries are committed to address each other’s concerns and work towards common solutions.
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Indian Army Chief’s Bangladesh visit: Revisiting Indo-Bangladesh strategic ties

Indian Army Chief General Manoj Pande is visiting Dhaka on a three-day visit at the invitation of his Bangladesh counterpart General SM Shafiuddin Ahmed.
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Better management of shared waterways could benefit economy in Bangladesh, India​




  • Bangladesh and India signed a protocol in 1972 for using waterways through 11 different routes to carry goods. Only three of the designated 11 routes are in regular use at present, as most of the routes lack depth for the navigability of large vessels.
  • A 2016 World Bank study showed that the cost to carry goods via the waterways is cheaper compared to good transportation via railways and roads. However, only about a quarter of Bangladesh’s waterways are navigable by mechanized vessels during the monsoon season and during the dry season, the navigable distance shrinks even further.
  • The Bangladeshi government recently awarded a $71 million contract to a Chinese company to dredge rivers as part of a World Bank-financed project to boost transport routes between mainland India and its northeastern states via Bangladesh.
  • Experts suggest that, besides taking on extensive dredging work, the rivers need proper management like maintenance of channels and embankment protection, otherwise silt will close the channels in a short time.

Although Bangladesh’s waterways carry tremendous economic and geostrategic significance for both Bangladesh and India, environmental management issues have rendered most of these routes useless.

Bangladesh and India signed a protocol for using the waterways to carry goods in 1972. However, only three of the designated 11 routes are in regular use at present, as most of the routes lack depth for the navigability of large vessels. Some are used irregularly, while others are not even used once a year.

Bangladesh stands to gain a number of economic advantages if these routes are used regularly.

It could potentially provide various services to Indian vessels during their voyage, which would facilitate growth in the service industry and expand logistics businesses. Bangladesh has also long been looking to increase exports to the northeastern states of India, which the 1972 protocol has the potential to facilitate.

For India, the use of the waterways has geostrategic significance as well.

Geographically, mainland India is separated from its northeastern states by Bangladesh and is only connected via a narrow 4-kilometer (2.5-mile) corridor. India’s primary interest in the protocol is to efficiently connect its northeast with the main hinterland by using the waterways.

Poor navigability, however, stands in the way.

Only about 5,995 km (3,725 mi) of Bangladesh’s waterways are navigable by mechanized vessels during the monsoon season and during the dry season, the number dwindles to 3,865 km (2,400 mi) — just a portion of the country’s 24,000 km (2,400 mi) of all waterways, according to the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority (BIWTA), which has carried out massive dredging and excavation work in recent years to add 2,300 km (1,429 mi) of waterways to the country’s river system.

The waterways are also the most cost-efficient mode of transportation for both countries.

A 2016 World Bank study showed that carrying a ton of goods a kilometer cost BDT 0.99 ($0.013) through the waterways, while it is BDT 2.74 ($0.03) if transported through railways, and BDT 4.50 ($0.06) by road.

Routes identified in the protocol
  • Ghorashal, Bangladesh, to Bandel, West Bengal state, in India
  • Mongla, Bangladesh, to Haldia, West Bengal state, in India
  • Mongla, Bangladesh, via Narayanganj to Karimganj, Assam state, in India
  • Sirajganj, Bangladesh, to Pandu, Assam state, in India
  • Ashuganj, Bangladesh, to Silghat, Assam state, in India
  • Chilmari, Bangladesh, to Dhubri, Assam state, in India
  • Rajshahi, Bangladesh, to Dhulian, West Bengal state, in India
  • Sultanganj, Bangladesh, to Maia, West Bengal state, in India
  • Chilmari, Bangladesh, to Kolaghat, Assam state, in India
  • Daudkandi, Bangladesh, to Sonamura, West Bengal state, in India
  • Bahadurabad, Bangladesh, to Jogighopa, Assam state, in India
Routes identified in the protocol



Poor navigability ​

Most of the routes identified in the protocol carry a huge amount of sediment that flows down from the upstream, reducing navigability for cargo ships. Furthermore, some of these routes are not suitable for plying larger vessels.

“Naturally, operators are not interested as running small vessels will not guarantee profits from the trips,” said Maminul Haque Sarker, senior adviser on river, delta and coastal morphology at the Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS).

The most-used routes between the countries are Mongla-Haldia, Chilmari-Dhubri and Narayanganj-Karimganj.

According to available data, only 12 cargo trips were made between Kolkata, West Bengal, of India to Pandu, Assam state, of India through Monlga-Haldia in the 2020-21 fiscal year, and only three in the next fiscal year.

In the case of Chilmari, Bangladesh, to Dhubri, Assam, the number of trips made in 202-21 was 28, which reached 49 the next year.

In 2020-21 the number of cargo trips made between Narayanganj, Bangladesh, to Karimganj, Assam, was only one, although it reached 15 the next year.

Some routes, like Rajshahi-Dhulian, remain inaccessible during the dry season as the river does not have enough water. It was not used once during the last two fiscal years.

Another important business route from Kolkata to Assam is through the Surma-Kushiyara River in Bangladesh, which is currently inoperable.

“Physical work for channel movement is going on with the cooperation of the Indian government as the latter believes the route will reduce their time and expenditure of carrying cargo,” said Ainun Nishat, a hydrology expert and former vice chancellor of BRAC University.
The Goyain River at Jaflong, Bangladesh,
The Goyain River at Jaflong, Bangladesh, has become shallow during the dry season, carrying silt and sediments downstream. Image by David Stanley via Flickr (CC BY 2.0).

Is dredging the only solution?​

Bangladesh is an active delta formed by sediments carried by rivers coming down from the Himalayan region. The two neighboring countries, Bangladesh and India, share at least 54 such common rivers. Agriculture — a major livelihood source for the people — navigation, and inland fisheries, are all hugely dependent on the water of these rivers, which are also important for resisting salinity intrusion from the sea.

These rivers and water bodies annually carry around 2.4 billion tons of sediments, including sand, clay and silt.

The Bangladeshi government has recently awarded a $71 million contract to a Chinese company to dredge rivers as part of a World Bank-financed project to boost transport routes between mainland India and its northeastern states via Bangladesh.

“The dredging of the routes will enhance Bangladesh’s connectivity with the seven northeastern states of India through the use of Ashuganj river port, which is 50 km (31 mi) from Agartala city, in northeastern India. This will enhance trade and people-to-people contact between Bangladesh and India,” Matiur Rahman, a member of the Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority, told the media when the contract was signed.

“Completion of dredging of the Dhaka-Chittagong-Ashuganj River route will allow ships to come to Dhaka’s Pangaon Inland Container Terminal, which will accelerate the pace of trade and business,” Rahman added.

Nishat suggested that besides taking on extensive dredging work, the rivers need proper management like maintenance of channels and embankment protection, otherwise silt will close the channels in a short time.
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Better management of shared waterways could benefit economy in Bangladesh, India

Although Bangladesh’s waterways carry tremendous economic and geostrategic significance for both Bangladesh and India, environmental management issues have rendered most of these routes useless. Bangladesh and India signed a protocol for using the waterways to carry goods in 1972. However, only...
news.mongabay.com news.mongabay.com
 
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Bangladesh on razor’s edge: Why India must wake up to the looming economic crisis and political instability to its east​

indianexpress.com

Bangladesh on razor’s edge: Why India must wake up to the looming economic crisis and political instability to its east

For the first time since 2009, Sheikh Hasina is on the back foot and a Sri Lanka-level macro-economic breakdown is a possibility. There is a dire need for calibrated behind-the-scenes intervention by regional powers, especially India
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