Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning and F-22 'Raptor' : News & Discussion

Are you sure they are comparable?

Russia ordered 15 large frigates that have almost as much firepower as an AB class destroyer. They have multiple aerospace programs, along with space and nuclear. They have added over 400 fighter jets in just the last decade alone.

Yer Barracuda was expected to cost you $4 or $5B per sub, the Russians are building their Yasens for less that a billion. Are you sure you wanna compare your dollars to their rubles? Hell, for the same budget as your 12 subs, they can build 2 or 3 Australian armed forces from scratch. For US $40B, they can build over 1000 Su-57s.
Agreed, their money will go further. A workforce working on low wage. They also have a large personnel, almost a jobs program. A compared amount is what I was saying. similar GDP, a comparable defence spending.
 
I will give you my explanation in the form of a fictitious dialogue between Mr Air Force (representing the IAF perspective) and Mr Defence (representing the Indian Ministry of Defence perspective). This dialogue took place in 2017 after the contract for 36 Rafales was signed between India and France.

Defence: I have a big news: our president and our strategic affairs advisor went to the US, met Trump and they agreed on a strategic military agreement between our two countries. This agreement is very advantageous for us as it allows:
  • full engagement against a common enemy
  • Access to all facilities in terms of weapons and weapon systems, access to technology at minimal cost with partially subsidised Foreign Military Sales.
  • a gradual move to the F-35 from the F-16 before the enemy's 5th generation fighter is deployed on many borders
  • Assets operating under joint command of both countries including a huge ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance) and underwater surveillance capability.
  • The agreement will also include military support in the entire Indian Ocean area.
  • Rapid reaction teams are part of the plan to destroy strategic installations in the west.
  • Many other items will remain classified due to the nature of the agreement.
Air Force: And?

Defence: And of course in the short term we have to set up Make In India to produce F-16 Block 70s which is a win-win for the US and India.

Air Force: You are forgetting the security of the country: the F-16 is absolutely not suitable to meet the needs of the IAF to enable it to carry out its mission.

Defence: Mr Air force be reasonable, we don't want to invade China, we just want to have enough strength so that they don't attack us. From the point of view of the Chinese, if we have 1000 planes, whether it's Rafales or American planes, that's a deterrent. And if they attack us anyway, the US has to come and help us under the agreement.

Air Force: My mission is to ensure India's security alone, with Rafales I can do it and with F-16s I cannot.

Defence: That's not even true, China is starting to deploy stealth aircraft that will be superior to the Rafale. You will have to rely on the Pak FA to have superiority.

Air Force : The Pak Fa, let's talk about it! New and improved countermeasures make the Rafale F4.2 as good as the planned SU-57. The IAF therefore recommends buying more Rafales or upgrading the PAK-FA to make it better than Rafale F4.2. As the SU-57 is still superior to the Chinese 5th generation programmes the Rafale F4.2 is good enough for all these threats and we need the Rafale fleet as soon as possible.

Defence: But if the SU-57 and the Chinese aircraft are so disappointing, why shouldn't the F-16 be suitable?

Air Force: We have done an evaluation for the F-16 and the Gripen E. The Gripen E is marginally superior to the F-16 blk 70 but most of the following remarks about the F-16 are still valid for the Gripen:

  • The airframe is unstable at low and high altitudes
  • Handling is over-dependent on the auto-correction system and dissipates energy which increases the risk of stalling
  • Electromagnetic compatibility and interference emission and generation problems, high sensitivity and negligible immunity although the opposite is presented on paper.
  • Safety reports provide limited detection of problems in on-board systems
  • The size of the proposed radar limits the detection area (as it stands 50-60% of what is offered by the Rafale's AESA RBE2 for both single engine aircraft)
  • BVR capabilities are limited by radar range, power, and more importantly mid-course refresh for BVR missiles like the AIM120 and Meteor
  • High vulnerability to hacking and no or very low quality protection suite
  • Both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions limit the ability to take Gs due to energy dissipation, manoeuvrability issues, electromagnetic interference susceptibilities and thus survivability decreases severely in environments where threats emerge
  • Operational success rates are compromised and there will be a rapid loss of ability to maintain a high operational tempo due to attrition which in turn will reduce the overall time spent fighting
  • So your plan for F-16s is not correct and if a surge to counter China was needed it should be with Rafales. A fleet of 300 Rafales is a nightmare for China and with a planned upgrade to the Rafale. These 300 Rafales or 15-18 squadrons represent the most powerful deterrent.

Defence: But the Rafale is expensive!

Air Force: If we say that the Rafale is worth 100 in price and operational capability, we were promised a price of 66 for the single-engine aircraft and operational capabilities of 80+.

If we look at the offers, we realise that if we take into account all the necessary customisations we get a price of 85 to 90 and operational capabilities of 66. Moreover, there are things that cannot be done with single-engine aircraft, such as strategic missions.
You are right, it is fictitious. The conversation reported in the newspaper, had the chief of air saying, even though the American's had better radar and weapons, it wasn't chosen. The UAE say the aesa Rafale is 10% less range, deficient modes etc than the aesa F-16 block 60. India agreed with the UAE.
 
I will give you my explanation in the form of a fictitious dialogue between Mr Air Force (representing the IAF perspective) and Mr Defence (representing the Indian Ministry of Defence perspective). This dialogue took place in 2017 after the contract for 36 Rafales was signed between India and France.

Defence: I have a big news: our president and our strategic affairs advisor went to the US, met Trump and they agreed on a strategic military agreement between our two countries. This agreement is very advantageous for us as it allows:
  • full engagement against a common enemy
  • Access to all facilities in terms of weapons and weapon systems, access to technology at minimal cost with partially subsidised Foreign Military Sales.
  • a gradual move to the F-35 from the F-16 before the enemy's 5th generation fighter is deployed on many borders
  • Assets operating under joint command of both countries including a huge ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance) and underwater surveillance capability.
  • The agreement will also include military support in the entire Indian Ocean area.
  • Rapid reaction teams are part of the plan to destroy strategic installations in the west.
  • Many other items will remain classified due to the nature of the agreement.
Air Force: And?

Defence: And of course in the short term we have to set up Make In India to produce F-16 Block 70s which is a win-win for the US and India.

Air Force: You are forgetting the security of the country: the F-16 is absolutely not suitable to meet the needs of the IAF to enable it to carry out its mission.

Defence: Mr Air force be reasonable, we don't want to invade China, we just want to have enough strength so that they don't attack us. From the point of view of the Chinese, if we have 1000 planes, whether it's Rafales or American planes, that's a deterrent. And if they attack us anyway, the US has to come and help us under the agreement.

Air Force: My mission is to ensure India's security alone, with Rafales I can do it and with F-16s I cannot.

Defence: That's not even true, China is starting to deploy stealth aircraft that will be superior to the Rafale. You will have to rely on the Pak FA to have superiority.

Air Force : The Pak Fa, let's talk about it! New and improved countermeasures make the Rafale F4.2 as good as the planned SU-57. The IAF therefore recommends buying more Rafales or upgrading the PAK-FA to make it better than Rafale F4.2. As the SU-57 is still superior to the Chinese 5th generation programmes the Rafale F4.2 is good enough for all these threats and we need the Rafale fleet as soon as possible.

Defence: But if the SU-57 and the Chinese aircraft are so disappointing, why shouldn't the F-16 be suitable?

Air Force: We have done an evaluation for the F-16 and the Gripen E. The Gripen E is marginally superior to the F-16 blk 70 but most of the following remarks about the F-16 are still valid for the Gripen:

  • The airframe is unstable at low and high altitudes
  • Handling is over-dependent on the auto-correction system and dissipates energy which increases the risk of stalling
  • Electromagnetic compatibility and interference emission and generation problems, high sensitivity and negligible immunity although the opposite is presented on paper.
  • Safety reports provide limited detection of problems in on-board systems
  • The size of the proposed radar limits the detection area (as it stands 50-60% of what is offered by the Rafale's AESA RBE2 for both single engine aircraft)
  • BVR capabilities are limited by radar range, power, and more importantly mid-course refresh for BVR missiles like the AIM120 and Meteor
  • High vulnerability to hacking and no or very low quality protection suite
  • Both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions limit the ability to take Gs due to energy dissipation, manoeuvrability issues, electromagnetic interference susceptibilities and thus survivability decreases severely in environments where threats emerge
  • Operational success rates are compromised and there will be a rapid loss of ability to maintain a high operational tempo due to attrition which in turn will reduce the overall time spent fighting
  • So your plan for F-16s is not correct and if a surge to counter China was needed it should be with Rafales. A fleet of 300 Rafales is a nightmare for China and with a planned upgrade to the Rafale. These 300 Rafales or 15-18 squadrons represent the most powerful deterrent.

Defence: But the Rafale is expensive!

Air Force: If we say that the Rafale is worth 100 in price and operational capability, we were promised a price of 66 for the single-engine aircraft and operational capabilities of 80+.

If we look at the offers, we realise that if we take into account all the necessary customisations we get a price of 85 to 90 and operational capabilities of 66. Moreover, there are things that cannot be done with single-engine aircraft, such as strategic missions.

its nice that you put in the time, but that looks like it was written by a Rafale fan who had his own ideas and then made the rest up. so pretty in common with most of your posts, but at least this time you admit its fictional. That was refreshing.
 
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The Su-57 is still WIP. We moved out of FGFA because the Russians wouldn't give us documents, sovereign assurances of ToT and an evaluation flight of the existing prototypes. So we are gonna make our decision after Russia allows these things, so after 2024 or so. Politically too, they have gotten too close to China for our comfort. So any decision will be a GoI decision, not an IAF decision.

Anyway, we now want to make our own next gen jet and the Europeans are willing to help. That's also why the AMCA climbed all the way from a simple near 5th gen fighter with some stealth and no supercruise meant to merely replace the Jaguars to all-aspect next gen stealth, supercruise, unmanned capability etc that can perform any role.

As for Rafale, it has nothing to do with Su-57, it's an independent requirement that's happening in parallel. We need 300-400 jets altogether of both classes. One is a high end current gen jet that's proven in battle, the other is a high end jet for the future. It's the curse of an importer. We have to balance out the equation for strategic considerations.

AM Matheswaran: (the guy who began MMRCA on why MMRCA was limited to 30T)
And the question would have been raised, ‘Why can’t you buy more of the Su-30s’. Now you can’t put all your eggs in one basket – strategically, it’s unwise. That’s one of the primary reasons. And therefore you created this Medium Multi role Combat Aircraft (competition) which is 30 tons and below. Okay, so the Su-30 is 34 tons and above – 34 tons category.

The point of the Rafale is to limit the influence of the Russians within the IAF.

The Su-57 is cheap only if you directly import it from Russia. Any Su-57 that's made in India will climb up to a sky high price. Case in point, the $20M Su-30SM costs over $60M in India. The same with support costs, it's not gonna be cheap unless it's fully imported. So, with the exception of making a stopgap purchase of 2-3 squadrons directly imported from Russia, there's not gonna be a lot of focus on it from here on in India. And even this may not happen because the IAF has decided to bet big on AMCA.
“On the fifth generation (requirement), the AMCA has been given a go ahead and we have given it our whole support and are putting in our energies there. No import is planned in the foreseeable future,” the air chief said in response to a question by ET.

The Su-57's competition is AMCA, not the Rafale.
Indian's goal to have locally produced and then indigenous design of it's future designed platforms, is achievable over time. Don't mistake my teasing the French, as a criticism of India.
 
You are right, it is fictitious. The conversation reported in the newspaper, had the chief of air saying, even though the American's had better radar and weapons, it wasn't chosen. The UAE say the aesa Rafale is 10% less range, deficient modes etc than the aesa F-16 block 60. India agreed with the UAE.
Ah ah ah, a reference from 2010, before the serial RBE2 AESA was deployed. At that time the only RBE2 AESA that existed was a prototype AESA with 892 American T/Rs whereas the production AESA has between 1000 and 1100 European T/Rs.

The performance was estimated and Thales had committed to a 50% improvement in range over the PESA antenna, but the UAE demanded 10% more and to obtain this Thales proposed to change the cooling circuit pump to improve heat extraction, which allowed the average power to be increased from 10kw to 14kw, i.e. a 10% improvement in range.

But when the production radar was delivered, tests were carried out at the CEAM and the range was measured to be 100% better than the PESA antenna, well beyond the performance of the Emirati F-16 radar.
 
One small point. It wasn't LM.
"As described by three people, the Chief of Staff, the Chief of Test Flight, Tactics and Training, and the Chief of Logistics and Maintenance of the F-35 and F-16, the current flight hour costs for the F-35A were reported to be NOK 110.000 per hour, which is currently approximately EUR 11.000, including man-hours, maintenance, spare parts and fuel costs. Since the number is the lowest we had ever heard on the F-35, it naturally amazed us. That’s why I asked how its hourly cost compares to the F-16 still in use. The answer was convergent [among the three]: it is about the same size."
 
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Ah ah ah, a reference from 2010, before the serial RBE2 AESA was deployed. At that time the only RBE2 AESA that existed was a prototype AESA with 892 American T/Rs whereas the production AESA has between 1000 and 1100 European T/Rs.

The performance was estimated and Thales had committed to a 50% improvement in range over the PESA antenna, but the UAE demanded 10% more and to obtain this Thales proposed to change the cooling circuit pump to improve heat extraction, which allowed the average power to be increased from 10kw to 14kw, i.e. a 10% improvement in range.

But when the production radar was delivered, tests were carried out at the CEAM and the range was measured to be 100% better than the PESA antenna, well beyond the performance of the Emirati F-16 radar.
No doubt the AESA had a large improvement over the PESA. You will need a link to show that it had better range, modes, function than the APG-80 AESA radar at the time. it issems you are backing away from that.
If you are talking later , you will need APG-83 after 2010.
 
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its nice that you put in the time, but that looks like it was written by a Rafale fan who had his own ideas and then made the rest up. so pretty in common with most of your posts, but at least this time you admit its fictional. That was refreshing.
What is fiction is the form of a dialogue between two people, because in reality the exchanges were much more complex with backtracking, many organisations involved and points of view that were refined during the exchanges. But every Indian here knows that in substance this is not an invention on my part but a true description of what happened.
 
No doubt the AESA had a large improvement over the PESA. You will need a link to show it is has better range, modes, function than the AN/APG-80 AESA radar.
I don't need anything, I don't care if you believe me or not, if I answer you it is to inform Indian readers, not you. You just forget that Indians can measure performance every day.
 
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I don't need anything, I don't care if you believe me or not, if I answer you it is to inform Indian readers, not you. You just forget that Indians can measure performance every day.
Raging much? When is your french plane AESA getting GMTT/GMTI and EW capability? F4? Why has it taken this long when all US AESA fighters have this capability.
 
You are right, it is fictitious. The conversation reported in the newspaper, had the chief of air saying, even though the American's had better radar and weapons, it wasn't chosen. The UAE say the aesa Rafale is 10% less range, deficient modes etc than the aesa F-16 block 60. India agreed with the UAE.

That 10% thing appears to be referring to the PESA. The PESA version has 10% lesser range than the F-16's AESA. It does 140Km against a 3m2 target while the F-16's AESA does about 160Km. The Rafale's AESA exceeds 250Km.

Modes are just software, as they are developed they are unlocked. The IAF had also asked for additional modes from all MMRCA competitors.

In the GTG too, I believe many modes were added.

American radars would have gone through the same process, as is the case anywhere for any technology.
 
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That 10% thing appears to be referring to the PESA. The PESA version has 10% lesser range than the F-16's AESA. It does 140Km against a 3m2 target while the F-16's AESA does about 160Km. The Rafale's AESA exceeds 250Km.

Modes are just software, as they are developed they are unlocked. The IAF had also asked for additional modes from all MMRCA competitors.

In the GTG too, I believe many modes were added.

American radars would have gone through the same process, as is the case anywhere for any technology.
The IAF is different, they paid $50 m to get what they needed. Did you read the article, it specifically referred to AESA F3
"However, the key Emirian demand is about the range of the RBE2. And, with the same antenna diameter, the only way to achieve the 10% range increase (compared with the Basic AESA F3 "roadmap") that wish to obtain the Emirians, is a big boost to the power of the radar."
 
Indian's goal to have locally produced and then indigenous design of it's future designed platforms, is achievable over time. Don't mistake my teasing the French, as a criticism of India.

Earlier, Rafale production + LCA production --> FGFA production + simpler AMCA production.
Now, LCA production + Rafale production --> reconfigured AMCA production

The delays in all our programs have allowed our indigenous industry to catch up with IAF demands. It's made us weaker in the short term, but the long term benefits are greater.

Anyway, this isn't about India. It is about how Russia is being unnecessarily underestimated. They have both the money and the technology, and this is going to become evident over time as more stuff comes out in open source.
 
its nice that you put in the time, but that looks like it was written by a Rafale fan who had his own ideas and then made the rest up. so pretty in common with most of your posts, but at least this time you admit its fictional. That was refreshing.

Most of the stuff in it is was revealed over the years through media reports in India.

This was the time when internally one thinking was pushing for F-16 + American support while another was pushing for doing things ourselves, another wanted Russian jets over French ones and vice versa. The IAF obviously will choose actual capability over politics in any case, so everybody not supporting Rafale inductions were just wasting everybody's time.

This was the unfortunate reality:
“Availability, serviceability and reliability will be huge issues. And these are issues which need to be considered. With respect to MMRCA, it should have come, it should have been operational by 2008. Now that we’ve delayed it so long and we’re boxing ourselves into a situation where again cost-factor will come into the picture, you’ve got to decide between FGFA and MMRCA if you’re going to spend 30 billion dollars each on each of the programs – and the country has to take a call. And the reason – the responsibility for this ‘boxing’ is not with the air force. Its with the country as a whole – its with the entire system as a whole. And that’s what you need to look at. Why have you allowed yourself to get boxed in like this?” – Air Marshal (retd) M Matheswaran

Even the 300 Rafales comment was made by an Indian expert. The point being the more Rafales we have the greater the deterrent effect on the Chinese.