Eh?
Isnt it obvious IN is progressively moving towards a extensive network centric capabilities in its areas of responsibility. And this capability build up , current and future, is what which has led to the confidence to develop a long range weapon system like SMART which can exploit the same.
Also isnt it obvious the range of a weapon and associated sensor is calibrated to the range at which it's target enters into its zone of vulnerability / detection , ie torpedo launch after positive identification ( mostly visual) of its target by a submarine after passive sonar contact at long range. When a torpedo exits it's tube its gets picked up by ships sonar inevitably. Since a submarine needs to be close to its target , inorder to guide its torpedo through wire or optical channel untill onboard target handover / acquisition , the ships ASW weapons , FCS , sensors will be optimised to operate at an approx distance which allows any submarine to identify positively and carry out its is attack on the ship with high probability of kill.
A destroyer 300 km away and a helicopter 100 above sea level won't be able to see each other ?
What for ?
What's the need to see each other ? Are they love sick ?
They need to communicate , not see each other and for that SATCOMs are available on both platforms and a dedicated navy satellite is already operational to allow it.
Why the heck does one need MALE HALE UAVs MPAs to facilitate communication between the ship and the helicopter ?
What is it a circus ?
As long as your communication satellite is working fine and the onboard SATCOM equipments on both the ship and helicopter is working fine and the channels are not being interfered with , NLOS communication between ship and helicopter will be through SATCOM as far as possible.
Only if the satellite goes down or the uplinks or downlinks get jammed or the onboard SATCOM equipments fail will other assets like UAVs / MPAs will come into play as relay stations via VHF links etc.
AFAIK Laser satellites with LIDAR are not capable of large volume searches and are effective in shallow waters only , though reasearch is going on .
As for how IN detects submarines , i once posted pic of one of tech though i did not identify it's purpose deliberately and i know of 2 other tech which is yet to be made officially known.
One of them is hilarious basically a classic example of juggad.