WHAT FUTURE FIGHTER PLANE FOR SWITZERLAND? - THE CASE OF THE RAFALE
After the long woes that led to the cancellation of the purchase of a new combat aircraft (Gripen E / F Saab) following a referendum in May 2014, Switzerland decided to restart a process of selection to equip its Air Force with a new combat aircraft that can replace its aging F-5E / F Tiger II and F / A-18C / D Hornet. It is in this context that the Federal Department of Defense, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS) announced, on November 8, 2017, that "the Federal Council had just taken decisions in principle concerning the renewal means of protection of Swiss airspace ".
This competition between American and European aircraft manufacturers is now fully launched, since between April and June 2019, all competitors take turns at the Payerne airbase, located in western Switzerland. , on the banks of Lake Neuchâtel.
Defens'Aero was on hand, closer to the actors, and offers to return with this file on these tests, and more broadly on the entire Swiss program "Air2030 - Protection of airspace." After a first part on the selection process, the Swiss expectations and the state of the Air Forces, this second and last part will be exclusively devoted to the offer proposed to Switzerland by GIE Rafale International.
© Paul Basque - The B354 of the Air Force returning from a flight enters a hangar of the Swiss Air Force.
On Thursday, May 16, two Rafale landed at the Payerne airbase. The first, the Rafale B301, belongs to Dassault Aviation, while the second, the Rafale B354 4-FU, belongs to the 2/4 "La Fayette" Fighter Squadron of the French Air Force. The B301's industrial and B354 forces are both standard F3-R, making the B354 one of the first Rafale to be upgraded to the latter standard.
For these tests, the crews are also mixed because there are test pilots from Dassault, supported by an Air Force pilot, head of the detachment CEAM (Military Air Force Expertise Center) in Istres, and a second in the French Navy, seconded to the DGA-EV (DGA-Flight Test). The pilots of the forces were present here to ensure so-called "operational" flights during air-to-air and air-to-ground missions, to show the combat capabilities of the aircraft.
The GIE (economic interest group) Rafale International, which brings together Dassault Aviation, Safran and Thales gave a press conference on Tuesday May 21 before the Swiss and foreign journalists present for the occasion. At the table, to present the Rafale, its capabilities and assets for the Swiss Air Force, were Mrs. Anne Paugam, Ambassador of France in Switzerland, Philippe Da Silva Passos (Dassault Aviation), Campaign Director for the Rafale in Switzerland , General Vincent Thomassier (Directorate General of Armament), campaign leader Rafale in Switzerland for the Ministry of the Armed Forces, General (ret) Joel Rode (Dassault Aviation), DA's operational advisor, Colonel Nicolas Pascal (Army of Air), director of experimentation at CEAM and exchange pilot on Swiss F / A-18 Hornet, as well as Jean-Michel Meyer (GIE Rafale International Switzerland), head of the Rafale International office in Switzerland.
In turn, according to their area of expertise, the speakers tried to convince the Swiss press of the interest of the French plane.Far from Boeing's warrior speeches during the presentation of the Super Hornet, especially with a plane that faces Chinese and Russian stealth fighter planes, the French team chose the reason with a focus on: sovereignty of the product, the Franco-Swiss partnership and the possibilities for evolution.
As far as sovereignty is concerned, Paris is proposing a Rafale in Bern with a capacity for full and complete use of the aircraft and therefore without France's intervention, a total respect for the sovereignty of Switzerland, the absence of black boxes (or "black box") that would collect the data of the Swiss Rafale by France, a maintenance performed in the vast majority in Switzerland and easily compatible with a militia army, etc ...
- Partnership and cooperation:
In terms of partnership and cooperation, the latter is at two levels since there is first cooperation between French and Swiss industries, as well as cooperation between the French and Swiss armed forces. France is proposing a transfer of key technologies and know-how from the aircraft to the Swiss universities, universities, research centers, SMEs and large industries. It is also proposed the integration, in France, of Swiss engineers within the DGA, of test and research centers, in the armed forces, etc ... With the French Air Force (among others) , France proposes to Switzerland the continuation and reinforcement of the cooperation between these two air forces with always the possibility of use of French airspace, shooting fields, cooperation in training (purchase of PCs). 21 by France), training and maintenance, the possibility of using French structures (air bases, runways, hangars, buildings ...), the exchange of personnel, feedback (RETEX), etc ... On the other hand, the reinforcement of the cooperation is also pushed in the field of the security, in particular in the cyber and the intelligence.
Finally, in terms of the evolution of the Rafale, France is proposing to Switzerland participation in the program. The GIE Rafale International highlights the Rafale F3-R standard, which currently arrives in the Air Force and the Navy. But it offers Switzerland cooperation in the development and commissioning of the F4 and F5 standard. The Rafale must remain in the French forces for the next 50 years, which perpetuates both the production line (maintenance and spare parts) and development possibilities.
Today, the F3-R includes all the systems already present on the Rafale with, in addition, the integration of the very long-range METEOR air-to-air missile, the TALIOS observation and laser nacelle and the systems AGCAS (Automated Ground Collision Avoidance System).
The next generation, the F4, is based on four pillars: Connectivity with new satellite and intra-patrol links, a communication server, a software radio; embedded systems with RBE2 radar enhancement and front-sector optronic sensors (OSF), SPECTRA countermeasure device update; the efforts with the integration of the renovated SCALP-EG cruise missiles and MICA IR and EM NG (new generation) and the implementation of the 1000 kg AASM; and finally, availability with the implementation of a new prognostic and diagnostic aid system for more preventive maintenance, a new computer for M88 engines and a more verticalized Maintenance in Operational Condition (MCO).
The F5 standard, which must be in force around the years 2050/2060, still remains rather vague today, but we know that it should include, above all, a mid-life modernization (MLU), a Low Observable kit ( LO), weapons bays, the ability to cooperate in the air and mission with drones (UCAV Cooperation), the involvement of the Galileo positioning system, and an avionics with a single screen (as on F-35).
© Paul Basque - An air-to-air MICA IR (infrared) training missile.
© Paul Basque - The two pilots are here wearing the TARGO II helmet visor.
In addition to these three great notions put forward by the French team, it has not failed to present the operational capabilities of the Rafale, but at the scale of a country like Switzerland and the needs it requires. Exit then, the aerial combat against stealth fighter planes or the possibility of going to strike terrorist groups to kilometers of home. Here, Paris has highlighted several essential capabilities for Swiss missions.
First in terms of air superiority with operational permanence (or "sky police"), the team demonstrated the Rafale's ability to be able to take off quickly, for a short distance, to intercept an unidentified or distressed aircraft. . Then, it was also put forward the system of follow-up of ground. In France, this system is used, among other things, to hit high speed in the heart of enemy territory and without being spotted by enemy radar. In Switzerland, it can be used to join, intercept and escort a lost tourist plane in a valley, even (and especially) in bad weather. The pilot allows the aircraft to follow the topography of the terrain and can then concentrate on assisting the aircraft in distress.
Finally, the AGCAS system was also detailed. Because of the mountains and high peaks that are found in Switzerland, during close air combat, pilots find themselves quickly at the height of the mountains. In this type of situation, during a loss of consciousness or in bad weather conditions with an undervalued distance, the proximity to the peaks can be fatal for a pilot, leading to the crash. In fact, with the AGCAS, the system "recovers" the plane and thus saves the pilot's life.
Although this has not been confirmed to us, the Rafales are offered for sale with the air-to-air MICA IR (infrared) and EM (electromagnetic) missiles, the very long-range METEOR air-to-air missiles, air-to-air missiles ground (GBU and AASM GPS / Laser in several versions), the TALIOS observation and laser nacelle and the TARGO II helmet finder from Israeli aircraft manufacturer Elbit Systems. Finally, there is also the SNIPER observation and laser nacelle of the American Lockheed Martin. The RECO-NG reconnaissance pod is not offered, so reconnaissance missions will be conducted with TALIOS or SNIPER.
The implication in these trials of French fighter pilots with the helmet visors shows that some have already been trained in their use, and especially for this evaluation. Thus their training will be "a useful experience" we are told for the future of the French forces. The SNIPER nacelles belong to their manufacturer and not to Dassault. The integration of SNIPER and TARGO is already acquired since they equip the Rafale EQ / DQ of the Air Force of the Emir of Qatar.
Dassault Aviation wanted to bring the SNIPER into its bunkers in order to demonstrate to Switzerland certain capabilities that will be possible soon with the TALIOS, notably that of reconnaissance, but which were not at the time of the evaluations. This allows the aircraft manufacturer not to penalize itself by not proposing anything on the areas requested by Switzerland.However, it can very well dismiss the TALIOS and select the SNIPER. On the other hand, this did not prevent the Swiss pilots from being able to observe the qualities of the French nacelle. Finally, note that over these two weeks of testing, the France team has allowed a 100% availability to both Rafale.
© Paul Basque - The SNIPER nacelle under the Rafale B301 from Dassault Aviation.
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