Lancement des travaux des futurs missile de croisière et missile anti-navire franco-anglais
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
Launch of work on future Franco-British cruise and anti-ship missiles
France and the United Kingdom yesterday signed an agreement with MBDA to launch work on the future anti-ship missile (FMAN) and the future cruise missile (FMC).
Two new missiles for France and the UK
On 2 November 2010, France and the United Kingdom signed the Lancaster House agreements. These agreements cover many points, including a bi-national willingness to reduce the costs (around 30%) of development and investment in the missile sector. The joint missile project was officially launched in March 2017 with the signing of a bi-national agreement between Harriett Baldwin (Defence Procurement) and Laurent Collet-Billon (Directorate General for Armaments). This agreement, budgeted at €100 million (shared equally between the two countries), allows the launch of a three-year study to develop an anti-ship missile (Future Anti-Ship Missile, FMAN) and a cruise missile (Future Cruise Missile, FMC).
These two missiles are to replace several missiles currently in service:
- the Exocet anti-ship missile in France
- the Harpoon anti-ship missile in the UK,
- the SCALP EG/Storm Shadow cruise missile in France and the UK.
The FMAN will be supersonic in contrast to the FMC which will be subsonic and stealthy. This last characteristic is explained by the complementarity of the two missiles: apart from its capacity to destroy ships, the FMAN can be used for first entry missions: destruction of enemy air defences or destruction of ground-to-sea batteries. Once the defences have been destroyed, the FMC will be able to deal with its target without danger of being intercepted.
FMAN (left) and FMC (right). MBDA UK
In recent years, Franco-British cooperation has suffered many setbacks. These include the development of two competing sixth generation fighter aircraft and the Brexit crisis. However, despite these various crises, the will of both countries to develop these two missiles together has remained intact.
However, while the UK and France are in the midst of a crisis over the cancellation of the Australian submarine contract, the FMAN/FMC project appears to be affected, with France deciding to cancel a major meeting scheduled for September 2021 in retaliation.
However, relations appear to be back on track. Yesterday's signing of the agreement between the UK, France and MBDA will allow MBDA to begin work on the preparations for the two future missiles.
In 2018, a bi-national parliamentary report (available at the end of this article) demonstrated the need for France and the UK to be able to respond to the proliferation of denial of access and area denial (A2/AD) equipment: since the end of the Cold War, technological advances had allowed some freedom of movement for Western forces. The situation changed in the mid-2010s as technological progress was reduced by R&D and investment on the Russian and Chinese sides. A very concrete example of the proliferation of A2/AD systems is found in the S-300 and S-400, which are directly mentioned in the report.
The report also states that the changing environment does not yet prevent France and the United Kingdom from destroying well-protected targets, but they must do so if they are able to fire at very close range (thanks to the recent French Barracuda submarines), act by surprise or saturate enemy defences. However, by 2030, the report estimates that the SCALP, Harpoon and Exocet missiles will be totally obsolete in the face of systems currently being developed in China and Russia. They will therefore have to be replaced by FMAN and FMC by that time.