If one supposed that the SU-30 MKI was able to carry drop tanks, and that one wanted to know, under these conditions at which distance it can carry a load of 5t, one should equip it with drop tanks having a capacity of 8t - 5t = 3t of fuel. In these conditions its autonomy would be of 3478 km.
If one wanted to make the same exercise with a Rafale one should equip the Rafale with drop tanks having a capacity of 9.5 t - 5 t = 4.5 t of fuel. In these conditions its autonomy would be 3300 km.
The way to outrange the SU-30 is to use CFT to reduce drag.
The result may seem strange but 3t represents 32% of the 9.4 t of internal fuel of the SU-30 whereas 4.5 t represents 95.7% of the 4.7 t of internal fuel of the Rafale.
MKI already outranges Rafale. With maximum fuel, including drop tanks, Rafale carries juat about 3 tons of bomb load. But MKI vd these two drop tanks will be able to carry 5 tons to a distance which Rafale can never reach.
This post can get confusing. But here goes...
Without CFTs, they are more or less the same. A Rafale with 1 tank equals an empty MKI. A Rafale with 3 tanks equals an MKI with 2 tanks. Both jets will then be capable of reaching ranges of up to 4000Km.
Full external fuel on both jets leaves 2 hardpoints on the Rafale for 4 500Kg LGBs, and 6 hardpoints on the MKI for 6 LGBs. But the MKI needs a point for the LDP, so the actual number drops to 5 hardpoints for weapons. But if MKI is equipped with the Rafale's weapon design, then the MKI can carry 2 bombs each on 2 hardpoints, which can take the number up to 7. So the Rafale carries 4 bombs at 2 tons whereas the MKI carries 7 bombs up to 3.5 tons to the same range.
But the main drawback for the MKI is if there's a need to carry AAMs and the SPJs as well, then it gets really bad for the MKI. The MKI needs 4 hardpoints for AAMs and 2 hardpoints for the 2 SPJs on wingtips. So, out of the MKI's 12 hardpoints, we need to take 6 out of the equation, leaving only 6. Then we take 1 out for the LDP, we get 5 left over. Since the MKI lacks a MAWS right now, we will need to eliminate 1 hardpoint for a MAWS pod as well, which leaves only 4 hardpoints for 4 bombs. Add the two drop tanks in and you get only 2 hardpoints. And with current MKI bomb designs, the MKI can only carry 2 bombs.
So if you want to duplicate the Rafale's overall capabilities, including avionics, on the MKI, then the MKI is only capable of carrying 2 bombs versus 4 on the Rafale out to pretty much the same range. If the Hammer is integrated on the MKI, then the payload will pretty much be the same. One of MKI's center hardpoints can be freed with dual pylons for 2 BVR missiles, which will add an extra bomb on the MKI.
Only the Su-35 provides significant range and payload advantage over the Rafale. It has an internal EW suite and MAWS. To match the range of the Rafale or MKI, it only needs an extra drop tank. So it has 6 free hardpoints for bombs versus 2 on the MKI/Rafale while carrying the same avionics. If the Su-35 is installed with Hammer then it can carry 8 bombs with 2 drop tanks.
If the MKI gets an internal SPJ, then two hardpoints can be freed. So it can carry either 4 regular LGBs or 6 Hammers.
One more thing, when the MKI is carrying full internal fuel, its actual payload is only 6T. The Su-35's is even lesser. So in reality, neither the MKI nor Su-35 can actually use their full paper capabilities from the ground. They need to take off with less fuel and then refuel in the air for it to work out. This makes both jets inferior to the Rafale without midair refuelling. The main reason for the addition of drop tanks on the Flanker is for the purpose of air policing, escort etc where the jets are only carrying 4-6 AAMs along with full fuel and not for A2G missions.
CFT is useless for the Rafale unless carrying long range missiles. For tactical strike, it's neither safe, nor is it useful in stores management. The only aircraft that has truly benefited from CFT is the Mig-29 since it can properly blend into the fuselage with no kinematic deficiencies.