Les M142 HIMARS frappent en profondeur et détruisent une dizaine de stocks de munitions et de carburant russes
M142 HIMARS strike deep and destroy a dozen Russian ammunition and fuel stocks
In less than a week, the first Ukrainian M142 HIMARS have already destroyed more than a dozen Russian warehouses. Thanks to their long range, these multiple rocket launchers allow the Ukrainians to strike far behind the front line while being out of range of Russian counter-battery fire. Moreover, we can expect an increase in these strikes with the forthcoming arrival of six M270 MLRS, capable of firing twice as many rockets as the M142.
Long-range strikes
Eight vehicles delivered/being delivered
Since August 2021, the United States has delivered a large amount of military equipment to Ukraine (listed in this article). Included in this list are several M142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems (HIMARS). A first group of four vehicles has already been in action since the end of June and they should soon be joined by four more of the same type, if they are not already.
Deep strikes
In a desire not to escalate the conflict, the United States has not delivered long-range missiles, such as the Army Tactical Missile System (ATACMS, 1 missile per basket) with a range of 300 km or the Precision Strike Missile (PrSM, 2 missiles per basket) with a range of 500 km.
Therefore, Ukrainian HIMARS are 'limited' to GPS-guided 227 mm rockets with a range of 84 km. This range is still very advantageous because it allows the Ukrainians to strike far away:
- The Ukrainians used several HIMARS to bomb Melitopol airport (Zaporijjia, located more than 75 km from the front line). Several OSINT searches confirm that a fuel depot (image attached) was destroyed as well as other facilities (confirmed in this tweet).
- Rocket fragments (identified as remnants of GPS-guided M31A1 rockets) were also found in Perevalsk (Luhansk, 50km behind the frontline), after another depot and/or a military base was hit.
In a fortnight of use, the Ukrainians are said to have destroyed a little over a dozen different targets, mainly ammunition depots or areas with high concentrations of Russian troops. Ukrainian gunners are aware of the importance of the HIMARS and have already told some journalists that the vehicles are constantly on the move, stopping only for a few minutes to fire or change rocket baskets to rearm.
THE HIMARS...
The US Army had already had an M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) model since the 1980s. The MLRS was based on the chassis of the M2 Bradley infantry fighting and armoured personnel carrier, which is fitted with a rocket system capable of launching a wide variety of rockets and missiles.
The end of the Cold War heralded the end of high-intensity conflict and the beginning of a need for hypermobility of assets. The M270 demonstrated its effectiveness during Operation Desert Storm but it was far too heavy: for example, to deploy such a system quickly, only two strategic transport aircraft could be used: the C-5 Galaxy or the C-17 Globemaster. The solution was to use the same rocket system used by the M270 but mounted on a 5-ton M1140 FMTV (Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles) truck chassis. Its mobility is increased, as is its transport, since it can be loaded on board a C-130 Hercules tactical transport aircraft. However, its firepower is reduced by 50 per cent as only one basket can be used on the M142, compared to two on the M270.
Unlike the Soviet-origin multiple rocket launchers, the launcher does not require a special vehicle to reload the tubes: as explained above, they are loaded into a basket with six tubes. The launch system also includes a lifting system: no crane or external means are needed to put the basket into the launch system. Finally, it is not a question of lining an area with a large number of rockets but rather of using a standoff capability (the ability to fire without the enemy being able to retaliate due to the distance involved) for precision shots, such as counter-battery shots or destroying targets with high strategic value.
... and soon the M270!
As explained earlier, this is the first modern version of an American rocket system. It is in service in many countries, such as the United Kingdom, Germany and France (Army, under the name of unitary rocket launcher). It turns out that three countries have announced the next delivery of M270s to Ukraine: 3 German MLRSs (under the name MARS II) and 6 British MLRSs (M270B1) in cooperation with Norway.
Norway is indirectly delivering three M270s: the Norwegian Army has retired its 12 M270s because they were equipped not to launch standard rockets or missiles but cluster munitions. Each M270 had the capacity, in one salvo, to treat an area 32 km away in 60 seconds... thanks to 8,000 submunitions carried in the rockets. When Norway signed the Convention on Cluster Munitions in 2005, it decided not to modify its M270s for financial reasons (in order to be able to launch "standard" rockets) and therefore stored the M270s. By mutual agreement with the British, and in order to deliver the material quickly, the British have increased the number of English M270B1s from 3 to 6 for the Ukraine, and the Norwegian Army will transfer 3 of their M270s to the British Army, which will transform them into M270B1 standards.
Two major assets for the Ukrainians
The already announced delivery of a large number of self-propelled heavy artillery howitzers (more details here) already allows Ukrainian artillerymen to gain in capabilities and accuracy. The M142 and M270 will increase this increase in power. Moreover, the attached map shows the areas destroyed by the HIMARS in less than two weeks. Just imagine the near future when Ukraine will have at its disposal all its M142 HIMARS - if it is not already the case - and the new M270s, which, in terms of firepower, carry twice as many rockets as the M142!
Thus, by destroying command posts, warehouses and areas with a high concentration of troops, the Ukrainian Army can force the Russians to pull back their reserve troops, increasing the reactivity time in case of a counter-attack. It can also force the Russian Army to move large ammunition, fuel and food warehouses away from the front line or to disperse them. In both cases, the Russian logistics would have to cover much more ground, whereas it is already operating with many shortcomings, such as a lack of military transport trucks, filled by the use of civilian trucks, sometimes unsuitable.
On 8 July 2022 (after this article was published), the Pentagon updated its list of equipment delivered to Ukraine. In particular, the number of HIMARS delivered/being delivered has increased from 8 to 12.