I'm reducing my reply only to the core topics as it's time we wrap this up and clear the thread - lots of new developments coming that need to be watched.
Lol. You should read up a lot more. The US wants India to become an ally, ie, subservient to them.
They want that from everyone. But they've realized they're not going to get it until & unless several things about the current Indian State & its goals undergo drastic change (like I said, it's impractical to implement an Alliance while retaining claims on disputed territories).
Any such change isn't going to happen anytime soon - and in the meantime, they see sufficient convergence in goals when it comes to the main topic of the day: China. So for now that is enough.
The next 'step' in US policy toward India may only really gain ground after the Chinese threat dissipates one way or the other. Depending on when that might happen, they'd be dealing with a very different India than what we have now.
The gates to all exotic tech will close. Turkey is not the one getting Nerpas.
Turkey doesn't need Nerpas - their primary enemies (Greece & Armenia) don't have any fleets that need SSNs to handle. Besides, the objective of the Russian leases (both Charlie & Akula) was never to add to our capabilities, it was primarily to give us operating experience with the VM-4 and OK-650B PWRs, which we developed into CLWR-B1 and B2 models respectively for use in our own program. So unless the Turks have an intention to develop an indigenous N-sub program, there's no point in giving them Nerpa.
Same is true for what's planned for Australia's leases.
The stuff we need, we cannot develop on our own in the next 30 years. We need them all even if they are leased. This includes SSNs and stealth bombers. If the Chinese come out with a near-space fighter, we will need a small number of PAK DP to compete with. We need to bridge the gap between now and when we also posses these technologies after 2050.
What we need is driven purely by our goals, not because China also has it. We needed SSBNs because our adversaries had nukes and we needed a second-strike option. We need SSNs primarily so we protect our SSBNs and ensure that deterrence stays up. These are things you really cannot depend on others for unless you were in a proper alliance framework (which we didn't have with Russia). So we got these done independently via tech transfer.
Rest of the stuff, we need to be extremely mindful of what we spend on. Like I said in a previous conversion, we need to remember that end of the day, China is an industrialized country and we are not. If we try to build anything & everything that China does, we will 100% bankrupt ourselves. This is where being in a partnership/pseudo-alliance helps...you need not develop everything you need in-house.
To compete with Chinese advancements in aero engine tech, we would have either had to spends decades more time & billions of more dollars doing R&D on our own, or we leverage our position to acquire tech that allows us to leapfrog the Chinese instead. That's what we're doing.
And then there are stuff you simply have to depend upon sales and/or lend-leasing. Certain programs (like say, stealth bombers) simply make no economic sense to either develop ourselves or seek tech transfer, due to limited need of only 1-2 squadrons. They're another way to bankrupt oneself.
In case such transfer arrangements cannot be made, we will need to look at asymmetric capabilities to counter them.
You will have to wait and see for yourself.
I intend to do just that - it's getting interesting in Russia.
Supplying before war and during war are not the same. They are like two completely different discussions. During war, we have even sunk American and British ships that supplied to Pakistan. Do we do that during peacetime?
You cannot equate the transfer of weapons to their actual use.
Anyway, it proves my point. Nobody can sell anyone weapons without expecting that they will be used someday.
We will fight China and eat popcorn for the rest. In fact, the war with China will give us the excuse to not interfere with NATO vs Russia. Anyway, this scenario is highly unlikely without China and Russia entering a formal alliance. What will really happen is if Russia fights NATO, both China and India will grab popcorn, beer, and sit on lazy chairs together in front of a TV watching the fight.
India will become enemies with Russia only if Russia and China formally ally. Fat chance.
The only scenario where India will side with the West is when the West is being threatened by a Russo-China alliance.
Anyway, in such scenarios, India is important only 20+ years later. Today anything outside India or the IOR will see India only contributing cannon fodder. So it's meaningless.
An alliance need not necessarily be announced beforehand. NATO had not signed any document saying they will rush weapons, aid, intelligence & targeting data to Ukraine in the event of a Russian invasion. But they're doing it anyway. Even in the future, there's nothing stopping NATO from cooking up some strawman (like that news of a Russian missile landing in Poland which turned out to be Ukrainian) to use as casus belli for Article 5.
Alliance is merely a means of deterrence. But you don't need that if you INTEND for a war to start in the first place, as only then you get to change status quos.
Russia-India defence relations are set to end without exotic tech in play.
If we give Ukraine weapons, the Russians will sell to Pakistan at the cheapest rates possible. And trust me, Russian stuff today is dirt cheap.
There's nothing major (planes, tanks, ships) the Pakistanis can afford off the shelf, no matter how dirt cheap. Things like F-16 and J-10 were only possible because the seller country financed those deals themselves. Russia is too poor to do that. If you recall they were ready to sell MiG-35, Mi-28 and T-90 to Pak at one point - they only backed out once they realized they'd have to supply not just the weapons, but a loan to buy them with as well. They ended up selling only the stuff Pak was ready to finance themselves (Mi-17s, Mi-35s, ATGMs) or those where China was financing (RD93s for JF-17s).
This "will supply weapons to Pak" card, the Russians already played it long back. We are yet to make them see the consequences of that.
Besides, such sales will get them nowhere. They'd have to realize that it's foolish to replace the Indian customer with Pakistan. Pak can't finance the refurbishment of their shipyards or contribute to building up their SSN fleet (which is what we did). Better to accommodate the modest Indian request (no weapons or engines to Pak) instead.
In the end it comes down to whether you think the Russians are a rational or irrational actor.
1 will come only if Russia is an alternate supplier. And whatever is expected to come will come on its own merit, like the recent F414 deal. We need Russia to rely on ourselves. You do realise we have not even begun taking baby steps in indigenisation right? Everything we are working on is still on paper. We are 10 years away, still, for even the most basic stuff like artillery guns and armoured vehicles. We have only seen some success in electronics and missiles and even that's still WIP, meaning 5 years away.
Most of our legacy stuff is localized. As of the things that are still mid-delivery like S400 they're not coming in the medium term anyway cuz of the Russians' own issues. By the time they build their industry back up, we'd be testing our own ERADS with domestic AESA, no need to depend upon S400 with its inferior PESA radars anymore.
As of the modern tactical stuff that we are indigenizing (likes tanks, IFVs, new-gen surface combatants, jets), there is no Russian input in them whatsoever. Any foreign input that is present is from West or Israel.
2 Russia will listen to us only if we are still their customers.
Russia isn't listening to us even when we are their customers.
And then the elephant in the room, UNSC vote and sanctions. You haven't given any reason how we can circumvent the UNSC without Russian support.
I don't dispute that Russia's vote is important for us - I'm saying that we won't be getting their vote anymore, if that means the Russians having to defy China's position to do so.
With Obama's speech the other day, the US has officially started the process of creating religious divisions in India. Without Russia, even a single Hindu/Muslim riot will attract sanctions.
It's the traditional good cop-bad cop routine. Biden shows the carrot, Obama the stick. That's nothing new.
As of sanctions, like I said, if the West decides to sanction India, the UNSC is not going to matter. Even if Russia votes in our favour, it'll just be spun as "the autocrats are helping each other so we must pursue sanctions bilaterally", which they will. The OIC will be with them. So will China.
The rest of the UN is of no consequence.
In such an eventuality, we have many cards to play though. Firstly our internal economy will remain mostly unaffected thanks to stuff like UPI & India Stack. We are food-surplus. We have lots of coal, hydro & tremendous solar potential for energy. We're not dependent on commodity exports. We'll be too big of a market to ignore for long - there will be fissures in the West (France for example will not toe the line for long, just as in the past). Assuming this happens over the long term, if in the intervening period the Chinese market busts or is destroyed (due to war, financial collapse or anything), we'll be the only big country that has the potential to drive global growth. None of our neighbours can really use the sanctions to upset any major status quo (i.e. invasion of heartland) cuz we'll still have nukes & the means of delivering them. It's not as easy to pursue sanctions as you might think.
Not to mention, sanctions are meant to extract a particular outcome. Not just to spite someone. In the past, one motivation might be to get India to open up market access for multinationals. But that's happening anyway and upsetting the course of events now will only lead to a rollback which nobody in the West wants.
Anyway, you can have the last word, I will end the discussion here since you haven't provided any reason to support your view. You wanna overturn India's hard-earned advantage of having become friends with almost every major power, that's never gonna happen. India will never arm Ukraine even during peacetime, never mind during war. So this discussion was moot in the first place. It was still interesting nonetheless.
Same. Nice discussion, touched upon so many subjects.