British/Italian Tempest (GCAP) Fighter : News and Discussion

No thanks. After the project starts they'll declare we're using Aid money to make weapons. And then when war starts they'll debate why their weapons are being used for war. Little $hits.
That stage is passe. Ever since Brexit, a lot of intelligent Brits have figured out they're up shit creek without a paddle. In my opinion, we ought to take up this opportunity. After all the Brits are playing a major role in the development of the Turkish 5 th gen FA.

Moreover, with the uncertainty over future procurement of the Rafale and given France's collaboration with Germany for their version of the 6th gen FA, our options are that much more limited.

Besides, let's face it, a known devil is better than an unknown one.

In my two cents, we ought to tie up with the Brits and rope in the Israelis too if we can.
 
We have no need for such large scale cooperation.

What we should do is continue to have small scale cooperation like how we are doing with the Israelis for the MCA and AMCA programs. The MMRCA program will give us the partner we need. Our primary headache was the engine, and the GTRE-SAFRAN cooperation will take care of that. For everything else, we already have our own programs now.

We should focus on developing our own IP from here on. We have taken major steps towards indigenisation with the MCA (airframe and avionics) and IUSAV (airframe, avionics and engine) programs, and the AMCA will be the culmination of that effort.

We will likely have the need to import a next gen heavy category aircraft like the FGFA or PCA between 2025 and 2035, but this aircraft should be our very last import.

@_Anonymous_
AMCA is already a Tempest equivalent.
 
We have no need for such large scale cooperation.

What we should do is continue to have small scale cooperation like how we are doing with the Israelis for the MCA and AMCA programs. The MMRCA program will give us the partner we need. Our primary headache was the engine, and the GTRE-SAFRAN cooperation will take care of that. For everything else, we already have our own programs now.

We should focus on developing our own IP from here on. We have taken major steps towards indigenisation with the MCA (airframe and avionics) and IUSAV (airframe, avionics and engine) programs, and the AMCA will be the culmination of that effort.

We will likely have the need to import a next gen heavy category aircraft like the FGFA or PCA between 2025 and 2035, but this aircraft should be our very last import.

@_Anonymous_
AMCA is already a Tempest equivalent.
This is a clear move to remove future competition and also find a buyer for yet another likely dud from BAE.
 
This is a clear move to remove future competition and also find a buyer for yet another likely dud from BAE.

The British know very well that they will go nowhere without a partner to share the costs and the blame. To bad for them we will not stop AMCA. They will have to look towards Spain and Italy again. Of course, we can't afford European R&D costs with our current economic strength either.
 
We have no need for such large scale cooperation.

What we should do is continue to have small scale cooperation like how we are doing with the Israelis for the MCA and AMCA programs. The MMRCA program will give us the partner we need. Our primary headache was the engine, and the GTRE-SAFRAN cooperation will take care of that. For everything else, we already have our own programs now.
Let's wait for the K9 to complete certification. That's only part of the hurdles to be surmounted. Then there are further iterations to be churned out. Who will be partnering us then? Are we guaranteed support from Safran? Isn't it connected to further procurements of the Rafale either thru a one time purchase as you've been suggesting out here or linked to the MMRCA which hinges on the comeback of Modi. There's a lot of things in the air as of now.

We should focus on developing our own IP from here on. We have taken major steps towards indigenisation with the MCA (airframe and avionics) and IUSAV (airframe, avionics and engine) programs, and the AMCA will be the culmination of that effort.

You're the expert here. But what about stealth technologies including such variables as RAM coating, geometry, active cancellation and so on. I've yet to see any report of initiation of such developmental programs.


We will likely have the need to import a next gen heavy category aircraft like the FGFA or PCA between 2025 and 2035, but this aircraft should be our very last import.

Agreed. But that doesn't mean zero collaborative ventures.


@_Anonymous_
AMCA is already a Tempest equivalent.

All the more reason why we should be tying up with them. We ought to drive a hard bargain. Something we couldn't do with the Russians for FGFA. They're in a weakened state post Brexit. It's up to us to take advantage of their plight.
 
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@ Everyone talking about AMCA, how realistic of an option is it? How far along is its development? Are you all seriously optimistic of India indigenously producing a high quality stealth fighter in the foreseeable future, considering the fact that we still aren't even mass producing the Tejas?

Assuming the AMCA is little more than a paper plane, the best way to build up a stealth fleet for India (which we'll need sooner than we think) is a mix of 3 options:

1) Larger order of the custom Indian Rafale, which a lot of people seem to suggest is a semi-stealth aircraft
2) Off the shelf purchases of the PAK FA as is, without all the specific customizations the IAF wanted - and then work with the Israelis to "soup it up" to get as close to IAF expectations as possible.
3) Once India really has money, go for a small fleet of F-35's for the Navy's future LHD's.
 
That stage is passe. Ever since Brexit, a lot of intelligent Brits have figured out they're up shit creek without a paddle. In my opinion, we ought to take up this opportunity. After all the Brits are playing a major role in the development of the Turkish 5 th gen FA.

Moreover, with the uncertainty over future procurement of the Rafale and given France's collaboration with Germany for their version of the 6th gen FA, our options are that much more limited.

Besides, let's face it, a known devil is better than an unknown one.

In my two cents, we ought to tie up with the Brits and rope in the Israelis too if we can.

Lol! You naive man. It will take a lot more than Brexit for them to get over this delusion of grandeur.
 
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Let's wait for the K9 to complete certification. That's only part of the hurdles to be surmounted. Then there are further iterations to be churned out. Who will be partnering us then? Are we guaranteed support from Safran? Isn't it connected to further procurements of the Rafale either thru a one time purchase as you've been suggesting out here or linked to the MMRCA which hinges on the comeback of Modi. There's a lot of things in the air as of now.

SAFRAN isn't exactly necessary for K9, but they seem to be part of the process. K9 is our own product. All they have here with us is a token amount for consultancy, only a few million euros. IIRC, 2-3M euros.

SAFRAN will be involved in the development of the newer iterations, K10 and higher. The main offsets program, which includes development of the new engine, will be carried out after September this year. The total contract will be for 6500+Cr.

Kamov will be involved in the development of the TVC.

You're the expert here. But what about stealth technologies including such variables as RAM coating, geometry, active cancellation and so on. I've yet to see any report of initiation of such developmental programs.

We have progressed a lot in all these fields. We have reached a point where we can start developing the AMCA's TDs now. ADA is expected to pick their development partner this year, and they will then build the TDs in Coimbatore.

Agreed. But that doesn't mean zero collaborative ventures.

In FGFA and PCA? If FGFA happens, it will most likely either be MKIzation+production or just outright purchase. When it comes to PCA, it can only be outright purchase. And in case of outright purchase it's likely that we may forgo offsets, like we did for the S-400. An FGFA R&D is quite unlikely at this time because the IAF has decided to support AMCA's R&D instead. It doesn't make sense to have two parallel development programs at the same time. So any collaboration may or may not be related to the FGFA or PCA.

Rather, it's more important for us to choose Rafale for MMRCA and then get involved in its future development. The French have started the F4 development which will go on until 2025 and then the Rafale MLU development will commence.

We will continue to have extensive collaboration with the Israelis for quite sometime.

All the more reason why we should be tying up with them. We ought to drive a hard bargain. Something we couldn't do with the Russians for FGFA. They're in a weakened state post Brexit. It's up to us to take advantage of their plight.

Why do you wanna subsidise their program? In a military program, you don't wanna be involved with a country whose future is questionable. In the end you will end up propping up said country because you have invested too much to back out later.

Large scale aerospace JVs do not work very well. It will only work out if India becomes entirely subservient to the UK or France, which we did not accept even with the Russians for FGFA. Even the IL-214 failed due to minor differences.
 
@ Everyone talking about AMCA, how realistic of an option is it? How far along is its development? Are you all seriously optimistic of India indigenously producing a high quality stealth fighter in the foreseeable future, considering the fact that we still aren't even mass producing the Tejas?

Assuming the AMCA is little more than a paper plane, the best way to build up a stealth fleet for India (which we'll need sooner than we think) is a mix of 3 options:

1) Larger order of the custom Indian Rafale, which a lot of people seem to suggest is a semi-stealth aircraft
2) Off the shelf purchases of the PAK FA as is, without all the specific customizations the IAF wanted - and then work with the Israelis to "soup it up" to get as close to IAF expectations as possible.
3) Once India really has money, go for a small fleet of F-35's for the Navy's future LHD's.

Yep. I'm a fan of all three options.
9 squadrons of Rafale
3 squadrons of PAK FA (The Israelis can't help here, only the Russians can configure it)
2 squadrons of F-35B for the LHDs (The Israelis can help here)

The best part is all three can happen alongside AMCA. Instead you can say that AMCA will come into the picture after all three options have already finished.

And yes, we are going ahead with AMCA. It's because we are confident of developing AMCA that we have decided to cancel FGFA development for now. The difficulties with Tejas is very different and does not affect AMCA. Rather, AMCA is riding entirely on the successes of the LCA program, namely the flight control system, airframe design and composites, while not affected by the LCA's negative qualities, namely the small size and low power.
 
UK can't design a potent fighter jet on their own neither can India. The writer and BAE system people are over-optimistic on India's prospect for 5th gen jet.

Also India has already committed to a plan to go solo on AMCA and f**k the aeronautical industry in India for next 2 decades.

Leave AMCA, we don't know where is LCA MK2 and MK1A plan are heading towards ?
 
SAFRAN isn't exactly necessary for K9, but they seem to be part of the process. K9 is our own product. All they have here with us is a token amount for consultancy, only a few million euros. IIRC, 2-3M euros.

If the matter were just a formality, as you make it out to be, why did we have to choose Safran? Any other turbojet/turbofan OEM could've obliged. I think you're oversimplifying matters here.

SAFRAN will be involved in the development of the newer iterations, K10 and higher. The main offsets program, which includes development of the new engine, will be carried out after September this year. The total contract will be for 6500+Cr.

Is it confirmed we are tying up with Safran for the further iterations. I'd like to see references. Out there on BR / DFI, there are strong hints that Safran is reintroducing something that the IAF declined a decade back - namely uprating the M88 (?) Core for the newer iterations of Kaveri viz K 10 & beyond. What's your view on this piece of info? Besides, isn't Safran's future involvement with GTRE contingent to further orders of Rafale?We also have a tie up with Rolls Royce. To what end, one doesn't know. From your earlier posts it was clear, that the future partner of GTRE would be the winner of the MMRCA tender. You seem to have a different view now. Where the did the figures come from?

I'd like references for the sum of INR 6500 cr.


Kamov will be involved in the development of the TVC.

Not too significant in the overall scheme of things but welcome development.


We have progressed a lot in all these fields. We have reached a point where we can start developing the AMCA's TDs now. ADA is expected to pick their development partner this year, and they will then build the TDs in Coimbatore.
We haven't. What's the progress on the AURA. I'm tempted to add an L before it. When's the TD scheduled to fly? Leave aside the AMCA


In FGFA and PCA? If FGFA happens, it will most likely either be MKIzation+production or just outright purchase. When it comes to PCA, it can only be outright purchase.

I agree with your summation of what the FGFA would pan like. What's the PCA?


And in case of outright purchase it's likely that we may forgo offsets, like we did for the S-400. An FGFA R&D is quite unlikely at this time because the IAF has decided to support AMCA's R&D instead.
Agreed.


It doesn't make sense to have two parallel development programs at the same time. So any collaboration may or may not be related to the FGFA or PCA.
Agreed.


However in both these cases, I wasn't referring to parallel developmental programs. I was merely referring to collaboration on 5th / 6 th gen technologies given out lack of proven expertise in the area and Britain's lack of finances which in our case is the AMCA & Britain's case - Tempest. There are synergies to be explored .Besides if we are targeting the late 30's for induction of the AMCA, it'd be time for 5.5G / early 6 th G technology.

Besides let's face it. We face an existential threat. Britain doesn't. They are doing it to prevent a terminal decline in their defence industries ,
now made all the more imperative by Brexit where given the economies of scale and the pre eminent position enjoyed by France and its defense industrial complex, they'd soon be calling the shots, assuming the next step in the integration of the EU would be common defence. It's all the more likely such a situation would come to pass, given the US's increasing isolation made more pronounced by Trump's antics.

We're in a race to develop indigenous industries to cater to our requirements given the drag on our finances and the unpredictable nature of the economy to make any firm predictions.


Rather, it's more important for us to choose Rafale for MMRCA and then get involved in its future development. The French have started the F4 development which will go on until 2025 and then the Rafale MLU development will commence.
True. But this hinges on whether Modi returns this May. If not, I'm afraid Rafale is history. At least for the time being and IAF's MMRCA will see further delays in the short term. What happens beyond test is anyone's guess! Regardless of what DA has planned for further upgradions of the Rafale.

We will continue to have extensive collaboration with the Israelis for quite sometime.

Agreed.


Why do you wanna subsidise their program? In a military program, you don't wanna be involved with a country whose future is questionable. In the end you will end up propping up said country because you have invested too much to back out later.

I don't want to subsidise anyone. I'm not as sanguine as you are in our R& D and manufacturing base. We've come a long way but we've a long way to go. Let's not get into a situation wherein the AMCA comes in the late 40's, early 50's where the world over they'd be introducing the first iterations of 7th Gen FA technology. We're alreasy a generation behind. Let's not widen the Gulf.

Let's recognize our limitations after a through self appraisal. There's no harm nor shame nor fear in seeking JV's. Turkey is doing that, so is SK & Japan. We need to plan & play our cards intelligently.


Large scale aerospace JVs do not work very well. It will only work out if India becomes entirely subservient to the UK or France, which we did not accept even with the Russians for FGFA. Even the IL-214 failed due to minor differences.

I think you're being unduly alarmist / pessimistic for a change about JV's. The fact that we walked out of the FGFA deal because the Russians played hardball is there for everyone to see. Both prospective partners and the MoD / IAF would've derived the required lessons.
 
If at all India is to enter into a tie-up with a European collaboration for a NG fighter, it has to be the Franco-German project. We have a strategic partnership with France and should look to expand it. The British would more than likely go ahead with Japan as a partner. All of these countries already realize that trying to develop an NG fighter alone is uncalled for and are vying for international partnerships, both as a way to ease the economic burden (which is by no means slight), and also to take advantage of each other's progress already made in tech fields.

Mark my words: the first FCAS prototype will be flying much before the first LCA Mk-2.

And if FCAS is meant to be ready by 2035-2040, I'll leave you to imagine when AMCA will be ready.
 
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If at all India is to enter into a tie-up with a European collaboration for a NG fighter, it has to be the Franco-German project. We have a strategic partnership with France and should look to expand it. The British would more than likely go ahead with Japan as a partner. All of these countries already realize that trying to develop an NG fighter alone is uncalled for and are vying for international partnerships, both as a way to ease the economic burden (which is by no means slight), and also to take advantage of each other's progress already made in tech fields.

Mark my words: the first FCAS prototype will be flying much before the first LCA Mk-2.

And if FCAS is meant to be ready by 2035-2040, I'll leave you to imagine when AMCA will be ready.

Screw the Germans, some of their companies don't even sell us rifles over "Human Rights" concerns. As a nation, they're all the worst stereotypes of extreme leftism rolled together, best represented by Merkel & her open borders + bending over for Erdogan.

If France breaks away to do its own thing like it did with the Rafale, I'm in favor of working with them. But I would never trust Germany on something so big.

They are not a proven, reliable partner/friend.
 
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Screw the Germans, some of their companies don't even sell us rifles over "Human Rights" concerns. As a nation, they're all the worst stereotypes of extreme leftism rolled together, best represented by Merkel & her open borders + bending over for Erdogan.

If France breaks away to do its own thing like it did with the Rafale, I'm in favor of working with them. But I would never trust Germany on something so big.

They are not a proven, reliable partner/friend.
France requires Germany to have clear rules on the conditions governing the export of FCAS before signing the agreement to develop this system. One of these rules is that one of the two countries cannot prevent the other from exporting.
 
If the matter were just a formality, as you make it out to be, why did we have to choose Safran? Any other turbojet/turbofan OEM could've obliged. I think you're oversimplifying matters here.

SAFRAN was the most willing. We have a history of dealing with them.

Is it confirmed we are tying up with Safran for the further iterations. I'd like to see references. Out there on BR / Other Forum, there are strong hints that Safran is reintroducing something that the IAF declined a decade back - namely uprating the M88 (?) Core for the newer iterations of Kaveri viz K 10 & beyond. What's your view on this piece of info? Besides, isn't Safran's future involvement with GTRE contingent to further orders of Rafale?We also have a tie up with Rolls Royce. To what end, one doesn't know. From your earlier posts it was clear, that the future partner of GTRE would be the winner of the MMRCA tender. You seem to have a different view now. Where the did the figures come from?

Earlier, we had to pump in our own money. This time SAFRAN will be pumping in their own money through offsets.

I'd like references for the sum of INR 6500 cr.

https://www.livefistdefence.com/201...of-frances-e4-billion-india-offsets-plan.html

We haven't. What's the progress on the AURA. I'm tempted to add an L before it. When's the TD scheduled to fly? Leave aside the AMCA

The airframe and FCS will be validated this year through SWiFT TD.

I agree with your summation of what the FGFA would pan like. What's the PCA?

The American F-X program. The F-22 successor.

However in both these cases, I wasn't referring to parallel developmental programs. I was merely referring to collaboration on 5th / 6 th gen technologies given out lack of proven expertise in the area and Britain's lack of finances which in our case is the AMCA & Britain's case - Tempest. There are synergies to be explored .Besides if we are targeting the late 30's for induction of the AMCA, it'd be time for 5.5G / early 6 th G technology.

To put things in perspective, the AMCA is being designed to be a generation ahead compared to the F-35.

Besides let's face it. We face an existential threat. Britain doesn't.

That gives the British leverage over us, not the other way round. They can easily back out and we will become helpless.

True. But this hinges on whether Modi returns this May. If not, I'm afraid Rafale is history. At least for the time being and IAF's MMRCA will see further delays in the short term. What happens beyond test is anyone's guess! Regardless of what DA has planned for further upgradions of the Rafale.

Nah, Rafale is not dead. Even the 2nd tranche. Since NDA has already paid for infrastructure for 80+ jets, and customisation has already been done, any new deal for 36 more jets will be cheaper than the first deal. Which means, RaGa can sing from the rooftops that he managed to save the exchequer about $3B compared to the first deal if he signs up for the next tranche.

As for the MMRCA deal, the Rafale will win. All other jets do not even come close to the upcoming variant. In fact I doubt the other aircraft will even get shortlisted. The RFP can be drawn up in any which manner after all.

I don't want to subsidise anyone. I'm not as sanguine as you are in our R& D and manufacturing base. We've come a long way but we've a long way to go. Let's not get into a situation wherein the AMCA comes in the late 40's, early 50's where the world over they'd be introducing the first iterations of 7th Gen FA technology. We're alreasy a generation behind. Let's not widen the Gulf.

You have misunderstood the situation. We have reached a point in our R&D where we have basically caught up with the Europeans. Within the next 10 years, we will comfortably overshoot the Europeans in R&D capability in the aerospace sector because we are going to be introducing a much large number of programs compared to them. This includes 2 hypersonic aircraft, one military, one civilian, a number of UAV/UCAV programs and naturally fighter jet programs.

LCA took time, but that doesn't mean MCA and AMCA are in the same boat. The situation is completely different. While the British and French are still performing final configuration of their jets, we will already be in the flight testing phase for AMCA. We will in fact have an AMCA Mk2 competing with the Tempest and FCAS. Our main goal is to become a first mover like the US, which is not possible if we collaborate with the British and French in large scale projects.

Right now, the only plan for AMCA is to collaborate with the vendor that wins MMRCA. And this is not a particularly extensive cooperation.

Let's recognize our limitations after a through self appraisal. There's no harm nor shame nor fear in seeking JV's. Turkey is doing that, so is SK & Japan. We need to plan & play our cards intelligently.

Japan wants to go it alone. They even have their own engine program. All other small countries like Korea and Turkey cannot be compared to India's reach and extent in R&D.

I think you're being unduly alarmist / pessimistic for a change about JV's. The fact that we walked out of the FGFA deal because the Russians played hardball is there for everyone to see. Both prospective partners and the MoD / IAF would've derived the required lessons.

You misunderstand. Nobody is going to give us high end technology. When we speak of JVs, it's not what you think it is. There is no real ToT taking place, both sides are responsible for developing their own technologies and then they put it all together.

Take Brahmos for example. We were supposed to have received ToT for the ramjet engine, but the Russians have declined to deliver citing workshare reasons. All we have is ToT for the airframe from their side. Everything else like guidance and communication was developed by us. The seeker was also imported and we have now replaced it with our own. Which means, the Brahmos is thoroughly useless if we want to develop a similar missile on our own since we do not have the propulsion system or the flight controls, which wouldn't have helped us anyway.

So if you want collaboration with the UK on Tempest, it's going to be their way or the highway. They will develop the airframe, avionics, engine etc. We will just introduce our own software, networking and comm systems, like we are already doing on the MKI. We may be given IPR, but we still won't be holding the technology for it. All we will get is the right to decide who we can sell to. All it does is guarantee the British a customer they can milk for the next 30 years. The FGFA was the same.

FGFA, FCAS, Tempest, none of it actually includes actual know-how and know-why, it's just glorified license production with IPR. And this still keeps us import dependent.

The only leeway that can be allowed is engine tech. We will take years if we do it on our own, so collaboration here is very important. The deal with SAFRAN will give us working engine technology. We will get the know-how and know-why also, which will allow us to develop more modern iterations based on it. And this will happen in parallel with our own domestic programs, K9 and Ghatak.

Everything else is a dead-end. If we screw up with the AMCA, it's much easier to simply buy the Tempest or FCAS when ready.

We will be introducing 5th gen technologies with the MKI upgrade and MCA programs in just the next few years. Take the IRST for example, we are developing a dual band QWIP based IRST for the MKI and it will be fused with the radar. An equivalent European system doesn't yet exist. The Swedes will be introducing a single band IRST, and without full integration with the radar on the Gripen E. The MAWS designed for the MKI is dual band and will have 6 sensors, which will give the pilot a 360 degree view of the surroundings, similar to the F-35. DARE has developed an integrated digital EW suite for the MKI along with an integrated ECM pod based on AESA. So everything that you see in American and European aircraft today, we are introducing them on the MKI already. Hell, I won't be surprised if the IAF decides to get the Uttam radar for the Phase 1 or Phase 2 upgrades of the MKI.

We don't need no half-baked collaboration for next gen tech.
 
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If at all India is to enter into a tie-up with a European collaboration for a NG fighter, it has to be the Franco-German project. We have a strategic partnership with France and should look to expand it. The British would more than likely go ahead with Japan as a partner. All of these countries already realize that trying to develop an NG fighter alone is uncalled for and are vying for international partnerships, both as a way to ease the economic burden (which is by no means slight), and also to take advantage of each other's progress already made in tech fields.

Mark my words: the first FCAS prototype will be flying much before the first LCA Mk-2.

And if FCAS is meant to be ready by 2035-2040, I'll leave you to imagine when AMCA will be ready.

The FCAS has only just entered the feasibility studies phase which will take 2 years at the minimum. A TD will only fly around the time the LCA Mk2 nears IOC. By the time an FCAS prototype starts flying, AMCA will have entered the LSP phase.
 
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The FCAS has only just entered the feasibility studies phase which will take 2 years at the minimum. A TD will only fly around the time the LCA Mk2 nears IOC. By the time an FCAS prototype starts flying, AMCA will have entered the LSP phase.

How can you be so optimistic regarding
Mk 2 and AMCA

When ADA is struggling with MK 1 and MK 1 A
 
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The FCAS has only just entered the feasibility studies phase which will take 2 years at the minimum. A TD will only fly around the time the LCA Mk2 nears IOC.

FCAS first prototype flight is planned for 2025.

Presentation of the Future Combat Air System by its designers

As of Tejas, it is a stretch to imagine Mk-1A achieving IOC by that time. Forget Mk-2. If we're lucky, it will fly around same time as FCAS.

By the time an FCAS prototype starts flying, AMCA will have entered the LSP phase.

As I said, the FCAS prototype is scheduled for a 2025 flight. If you're expecting AMCA to be in LSP in 6 years, I can't say anything except that you seem to be suffering from a serious case of extreme optimism.
 
How can you be so optimistic regarding
Mk 2 and AMCA

When ADA is struggling with MK 1 and MK 1 A

ADA is not struggling with either Mk1 or Mk1A. Mk1's pretty much done. Stuff that was introduced very late into the program is being worked on now, like the refuelling. The fact is the flight envelop was opened up back in Dec 2015. That was the idea behind entering the Bahrain air show, where the LSP-2 demonstrated full flight envelop.

Mk1A is not ADA's responsibility, but HAL's. And Mk1A is already configured. Whatever delays you see are merely due to negotiations between MoD and HAL. So it's got nothing to do with the aircraft itself.

There is no struggling happening anywhere now. The first squadron of Mk1 will be delivered well before elections happen, so HAL has stuck to their delivery schedule. And in just a year's time, they will deliver the 2nd squadron also, followed by a squadron a year.

As for Mk2 and AMCA, the hurdles that will be faced in these programs will be completely different from LCA. Validating and testing the airframes will not be a problem for either program due to the LCA experience. And avionics for Mk2 and AMCA will be developed long before both aircraft are expected to be delivered.

When it came to LCA, the avionics development happened significantly late. For example, the radar development started only in 1998. And the LCA with all its avionics was first flown only in 2010, LSP-3, and IOC happened immediately after in 2013. Normally PV-3 should have had the full avionics configuration. When it comes to Mk2, the core avionics are already being tested on PV-1 and LSP-2, so the very first prototype will already have all the necessary avionics. Uttam will be 10+ years in the making before Mk2's first flight.

Due to the avionics delay, what happened with LCA is the prototypes were basically TDs and LSP-3 onwards were true prototypes. So instead of delivering the aircraft to the IAF, the LSPs were used for flight testing instead. If you recall, even the definitive engine became available only from LSP-2 onwards.

As for AMCA, the full configuration and the new engine will become available straightaway on the prototypes. Which means, between 2027-2030, the IAF will actually take delivery of the LSPs and ADA will finish the development of the AMCA with the fully-configured prototypes.

Another problem LCA faced was its short endurance. Unlike most other aircraft, the LCA could only fly for 40 min or less, which meant you needed multiple sorties to finish validating test points. However aircraft like Mk2 and AMCA can fly 2-3 hours and 3-4 hours resply, which means less number of flights to finish the same test point.

So the situation for Mk2 and AMCA is entirely different compared to Mk1.
 
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