Translation
Rafale: an increasingly clear success
BASILE DEKONINK
Long shunned by foreign "customers", the flagship of French aeronautics has taken off in recent years. 162 firm orders have been registered since 2015 and the very first export sale, to Egypt. And other successes could follow.
This time, it is taking off for good. After years of lack of export sales, Dassault Aviation's Rafale is finally experiencing success that is commensurate with the billions committed to its programme. The entry into force of the new Egyptian mega-contract, this Monday, is the latest in a string of good news since 2015 and the first order from a customer other than the French army (Egypt, already).
South Korea, Morocco, Brazil, Belgium or more recently Switzerland... before this date, the multipurpose jet, which entered service in 2004, had been plagued by disappointments, between stalled negotiations and lost competitions (often to the benefit of the United States). Since then, everything has improved, with 162 firm orders and concrete prospects. Here's an update on what's going on.
What has already been delivered
First come, first served. To date, only one country has received full delivery of its Rafale order: Egypt, which signed the very first export contract for the fighter jet in February 2015. Negotiations for 24 aircraft worth a total of 5.2 billion euros were completed in barely three months, as Cairo sought to free itself from American tutelage and deal with tense domestic and foreign contexts.
Through its interventions in Afghanistan (2008 and 2009), Libya (2011) and Mali (2013), the Rafale has finally acquired its credentials in combat and attracted the attention of international leaders, including Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sissi. The support given to Cairo by the signing of the contract, in the midst of civil repression in Egypt, did not fail to make human rights organisations react.
Orders in progress
Did the contract with Egypt serve as a catalyst? In the wake of the first export order for the Rafale, Dassault Aviation recorded two mega-orders in a few months. First, Qatar signed a contract in May 2015 for 24 new aircraft, which was increased to 36 after an option was exercised in 2017. Total value: 6.3 billion euros. The first aircraft was delivered in 2019 and the last one is due to be delivered next April.
India followed, choosing the Rafale in 2016 after a nine-year tender. Thirty-six aircraft are also to be delivered to New Delhi - the first was delivered in 2019 - until 2022. Estimated at 7.8 billion euros, the contract has been tainted since its signing by several controversies; the Indian opposition first denounced the choice of the government to make the private conglomerate Reliance Group, inexperienced in defense, the partner of Dassault. Then "Mediapart" revealed this summer that the French group, as well as Thales, had paid kickbacks to an intermediary in order to obtain the contract - an investigation by the National Financial Prosecutor's Office was opened this summer.
This turbulence did not prevent Dassault from continuing its momentum. In January this year, Greece became the first European buyer of the Rafale, with a contract worth some 2.3 billion for 12 second-hand models and six new aircraft - another six were added by Greek Prime Minister Kyriákos Mitsotákis at the end of September.
Croatia followed at the end of May with 12 second-hand Rafale aircraft for just under €1 billion. Egypt, finally, ordered 30 additional aircraft, a 3.75 billion contract that entered its operational phase on Monday with the payment by Cairo of the first installment.
Potential sales
Several deals could finally fill Dassault's order book in the years to come. Qatar still has an option for 36 additional aircraft, which Doha has not yet exercised. The aircraft manufacturer is also bidding for a new contract for 36 aircraft in India, but New Delhi is looking to boost its domestic production and the corruption investigation is complicating negotiations.
In the short term, France's two best hopes are in Indonesia, with which discussions for an order for 36 Rafales are "very advanced", in the words of Armed Forces Minister Florence Parly. Dassault Aviation is also expected to receive a green light soon for the tender launched in 2016 by Finland, which is looking to replace its fleet of three squadrons (currently made up of F-18s). The French group is on the shortlist.