The Rafale was designed by visionary people, very close to the needs of AdA, very aware of what is happening in operational realities.
I can't even imagine attacking this balance sheet without starting with the data fusion and MMI duo, obviously THE BIGGEST technical success of the Rafale.
A data fusion, everyone understands what it is, and many explain it by simply generating a tactical image presented to the pilot. And normally, it's more than that, since it serves to connect the sensors with each other, allowing cross-referencing of information in order to obtain the most accurate target track possible.
The principle is to create a computer file as soon as a sensor grabs something, and to feed this file with everything we can find thanks to the other sensors by filtering duplicates.
Double effect: most often, for the pilot, a DO - target designation - will not come from a single sensor. And above all, because of the overlap, the performance of all sensors is virtually improved. This is an absolutely essential point.
On the Rafale, this data fusion is apparently done at a phenomenal speed and in a very fluid way. This requires great power, which is provided by the MDPU, which, thanks to the virtualization of the process, can free itself from the risks of obsolescence of hardware components.
But it's a winning duo that makes it work: we have to do justice to the MMI (machine-man interface) about which all the pilots (including exchange pilots) are extremely complimentary. These MMIs have the good taste to present in a remarkable way the information resulting from data fusion.
And so, this duo FdD/MMI, provided to the Rafale pilots the best in collection, classification, threat identification and clear presentation of the tactical situation.
As a result, the pilot's concentration is freed and he can really prepare his tactics with a substantial advance on the threat and, in air-to-air, this leads to the very rapid acquisition of firing solutions, AHEAD on the enemy, even though he sees further ahead and should have been able to fire before. The Rafale scores in Switzerland are probably derived from this.
So how are the plane's sensors doing on all this? Already, when they are on the way, all their data is merged. But we may cut one or more of them off, it won't necessarily deprive the plane of the world.... However, this is what we must remember for everyone:
- radar: it remains the essential sensor because it works whatever the weather, it is very fast and accurate, which means that for interception and guidance of weapons, there is no better way. That said, merging the data brings him one important thing: the cross-referencing of his data allows him to operate with less power, which favours his discretion (he already said at one time that his very fast scanning already allowed a reduction in his power).
- the OSF. As expensive as radar (still!). The TV channel allows remote identification (very interesting according to the rules of engagement), and with the laser rangefinder, it can give a good target designation up to 33 nautical miles.
- Spectra: Already, in Libya, it has worked very well: listening to signals and guiding raids in particular. Operating alone, in air-to-air as well as in air-to-ground, it is not necessary to expect a miracle of precision on the positioning of the targets. However, this makes it possible to launch a Mica in LOAL at short range, but not in BVR where the accuracy is too random, or even dangerous. The same goes for the AASM, even if the very powerful ammunition compensates a little for the inaccuracy. Accuracy will come from knowledge of the detected radar, illumination time, terrain, etc.
It should therefore be noted that Spectra makes it possible to do self-defence/SEAD without necessarily having specific training.
- DDM-NG : the DDM-NG is an IRST. He sees thermal spots, follows them, transmits them to Spectra. Missiles or aircraft. That's why it seems to me that it partly replaces the OSF IR. Like IR Mica, by the way. It can also determine a range, but it depends on the target, its movements, if it is recognizable, and also the movements of the Rafale. More, therefore, information to be cross-checked to do better. That said, it should allow you to draw Mica in LOAL, with the same precautions as for Spectra alone.
- L16: good DO if a runway comes from another fighter, but not so good if it comes from a lookout radar, AWACS or ship (refresh too slow). The accuracy then becomes too low and allows at best a short range Mica LOAL shot.
- Mica: in particular Mica IR. Its sensor is multi-targeted and can see missile departures (integrated into Spectra?). It therefore behaves well as a small IRST without imaging.
So, you've seen it, there's a lot of talk:
- to know before others what's going on around the plane;
- of self-defense.
The Rafale can control what happens in a 50km radius bubble around it, to escape threats, or burst them.
Indeed, as he knows things in advance, the Rafale can avoid distant BVR battles by using deceitful tactics. And thanks to the IR Mica that strikes further than other IR missiles, with a very good pk (passive missile) it escapes close combat. Thanks to the AASM, a handy and flexible weaponry, it can break SAMs that are too threatening and without sacrificing its carrying points to a specialized weaponry.
Autonomous as far as possible, it is designed to infiltrate with a minimum of support, even if it means doing so in high-speed automatic terrain following, while the pilot manages electronic warfare without worrying about flight.
And the Rafale is evolving well
Its AESA Radar has very good range performance despite a "small" antenna and the Meteor is the best in air to air missile.
In addition, the delivery of the Rafale to Qatar has made its HMS operational.