one does not need to intimately "know" a signal to jam it. the idea that jamming capability is completely lost if the enemy is clever enough to come up with novel electronic signals for its SAMs is to court disbelief, especially as such spoofing and tricks is not new but a part of the never ending cat and mouse game
That's a general statement. But specific to the F-35, the aircraft can only jam signals that it intimately knows as of today. That's the purpose of the MDF. And the F-35 is not capable of responding to unknown signals because they have decided to remove the possibility of human intervention. It's been left to specialist aircraft with a human operator to create a jamming signal on the fly. It's not efficient, but it's the best option today.