Let's reiterate the obvious. There are three levels of confrontation,
- i.e. the attempt to impose one's will by force, in modern international relations: confrontation, where pressure is exerted on the other in every conceivable way but without fighting;
- conventional war, which is the same as confrontation plus fighting;
- and nuclear war, which is the same as conventional war but with the actual use of atomic weapons.
Crossing one of these thresholds, from confrontation to conventional warfare and from conventional warfare to atomic warfare, is always tricky. You enter a new vortex, often uncertain in its results, but certain in its enormous costs, and with great difficulty in turning back.
Approaching a threshold means approaching an object with very high gravity. Physics becomes deformed and the closer you get, the more you can cross a point of no return. It's also worth noting that the forces present in the vicinity of these two thresholds are not of the same intensity.
Approaching conventional war is like approaching a massive star, dangerous but manageable, whereas nuclear war is a terrifying black hole. So we hesitate even more to approach it, even - between nuclear powers - to avoid crossing the previous threshold.
Within these spaces, there are basically two types of strategy: pressure until the desired result emerges, which resembles poker, or a sequence of actions in which the success of one depends on the success of the previous one, which obviously brings to mind chess.
The first strategy is largely hidden until the end, while the second can be followed on a map.
The difficulty in understanding the current crisis is a mixture of all these factors. There is both a war - Russia against Ukraine - and a confrontation - Russia against the Atlantic Alliance - which preceded the war in Ukraine (need we remind you of what is happening in Africa?) but which has obviously taken a much more serious turn since then.
Moreover, while the confrontation between Russia and the Atlantic Alliance is almost entirely a poker game (successive packages of sanctions, increased military aid in kind and volume, cuts or embargoes, more or less explicit messages via sabotage, influence, etc.), the war in Ukraine involves a chessboard of military operations laid out on a wider carpet where an even more sinister poker is being played than the one we are playing, because it kills.
It is in the context of confrontation that we are helping Ukraine in its war, without wanting to cross the threshold into war, and the Russians are in the same position.
This is nothing new. While the United States was supporting South Vietnam and waging war on North Vietnam, the Soviet Union was providing massive military aid to the North. A few years later, the roles were reversed and it was the Soviet Union that waged war in Afghanistan and supported the Ethiopian and Angolan regimes, while the West, this time united, opposed them.
In both cases, the Soviets and the West were not in direct military confrontation.
At this stage of the current confrontation, the Russian-Western confrontation is gaining momentum. For the Russians, the short-term aim is still to shake Western, and especially Western European, public opinion out of its conviction that it is supporting Ukraine "in the name of peace".
Without this support, Ukraine will find it very difficult to continue the fight. But we must understand that the rupture is now complete and a new Iron Curtain has fallen. The Russian regime has declared a permanent confrontation. Even if we decided to stop giving aid to Ukraine, the struggle would continue.