La Russie asphyxiée : elle met fin à certaines de ses productions militaires modernes
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
Russia suffocates: it stops some of its modern military production
The Russian military-industrial complex is suffering as a result of the economic sanctions imposed by Western countries. And for good reason: Russia is heavily dependent on high-tech imports for the production of modern equipment.
Defence industries in a state of decline
The end of foreign cooperation, higher interest rates on loans and higher prices for materials have taken their toll on Russian defence companies, which are now forced to suspend production. The "War Bulletin", produced on 16 April by the Ukrainian Embassy in Washington, reports that some twenty Russian military companies have partially or totally suspended their activities due to the consequences of the economic sanctions imposed by Western countries. These include Vympel, which produces aircraft missiles, including the R-77 long-range missile with active radar guidance, and UralVagonZavod, which produces the T-90 and T-72 battle tanks, as well as the new generation T-14 "Armatas" tank. According to the Ukrainian Intelligence Directorate (GUR), the company, which is the world's largest manufacturer of battle tanks, has completely stopped production of the T-90 and T-14, while work on the T-72 has simply been slowed down for the moment.
Russia is also suspending production of some of its air defence systems such as the Buk, the 2K12 Kub and the 2K22 Tunguska. Workers at the Ulyanovsk mechanical plant are being asked to either take unpaid leave or join the fight in Ukraine as SAM (surface-to-air missile) operators. This stoppage is particularly due to the large presence of electronic parts in the manufacture of anti-aircraft systems, of which Germany was the main supplier.
There are also many difficulties on the naval side. According to the GUR, some shipyards, such as the one in Vladivostok, are now unable to build and maintain warships.
As a result, Russia, which was already struggling to replenish its supplies in the field and which has already reported more than 3,000 disabled military vehicles, is all the more handicapped by the Western economic sanctions as they affect its military capabilities.
Modern technology on standby
The UralVagonZavod T-14 Armatas is a new generation tank that has superior theoretical qualities to what is offered in the West: heavier armour; unmanned turret; gun firing 125-millimetre shells; range of 12 km (3 times that of the American M1A2 Abrams, considered to be the best Western tank); communication system interconnected with other T-14s and T-90s; software capable of autonomously tracking different targets in order to overcome Russia's weakness in terms of night combat... The T-14 Armatas, which on paper is the best battle tank in the world, has so far only been delivered in a few pre-production examples in order to validate the technical options chosen. UralVagonZavod was supposed to start serial production and delivery of the T-14 this year, and the suspension of its production is a real blow to the modernisation of the Russian army.
The same is true of the aviation sector, where the brand new 'A-100' airborne surveillance aircraft (AWACS) from Beriev Aircraft Company and Vega has seen its production halted. Originally intended to replace the 1980s A-50 and its modernised A-50U version, the aircraft's development has been minimally delayed by the halt in deliveries of electronic components caused by Western sanctions. Touted as three times more efficient than its predecessor, the A-100 has an endurance of 4 hours and is equipped with modern avionics including panoramic surveillance radars and advanced computer systems that can detect air targets at a distance of 600km and surface targets at 400km.
In addition to the heavy economic sanctions imposed by Western countries on all sectors of Russian industry, the aim of depriving the Russian army of some of its modern technologies would thus be achieved.
Towards 100% Russian equipment?
Although economic sanctions are beginning to have the desired effects, they are only having an impact in the long term. In the short term, the Russian army is not crippled beyond the significant losses suffered in Ukraine or the accelerated consumption of its consumables, including cruise missiles and guided bombs.
These obvious handicaps do not prevent Russia from still having a significant war arsenal. According to data from the Global Fire Power Index and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, Russia is the country with the largest number of tanks in the world by far: 12,400 tanks compared to 6,600 for the United States and 400 for France. Even if the level of availability of this equipment, most of which is stored and not modernised, is very variable, Russia has a considerable renewal capacity despite the large amount of equipment destroyed and captured by the Ukrainians: the modernisation of old tanks would cost three times less and would be three times faster than the production of equivalent Russian tanks. As the recent Russian Defence Ministry report states, it would appear that the Russian army has also adopted the practice of capturing and refurbishing Ukrainian tanks for their own benefit, although the measure is probably more symbolic than operational.
Despite renewed economic cooperation, Russia, more than ever, has an interest in turning to its domestic production capacities. This is what the country seems to want to do, since Prime Minister Mikhail Michoustine has already stated that he would like to see the production of 36 all-Russian MC-21s by 2025 and 20 Sukhoi SuperJets per year, a civilian aircraft whose production could partly compensate for the unavailability of Airbus and Boeing...