Rafale DH/EH of Indian Air Force : News and Discussions

Chuut in French is the equivalent of Shh in English...
images
Ok, got it:ROFLMAO:
 
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The black ones use GaN substrate. Green uses GaAs.

All newer Rafales have black ones.

That's what was assumed back then. But it's more likely just new paint.

Read from post 29 to the end of the page.

Lot of assumptions were dead since end 2021.
 
I think @halloweene is very pessimistic, and I don't think he has any recent information to back it up. Also I think he is confusing what I had said about the SPECTRA antennas that were to be GaN already for F3R with the radar for F4.
@randomradio

Reading between the lines(what Picdel said), I think @Parthu may be correct. The Inlet RX modules may be GaN. Transmitters may still use GaAs module and may switch only in F4.1 version.
So I'll give my perspective.

The F4 program is not showing any signs of being behind or narrowing its field. It was planned at launch that F4.1 would be delivered in 2024 and F4.2 in 2025. Then Dassault declared that F4.2 would be delivered in 2024 and it was deduced that F4.1 would be delivered in 2023. As F4.1 is currently being tested, this schedule seems possible with a delivery rather at the end of the year than at the beginning.

The GaN was foreseen in the description of F4. On the other hand, we know that F4.1 avoids complex structural modifications, which means that F4.2 does incorporate such modifications.

So for me, F4.1 will have GaN for the SPECTRA antennas, but the retrofit may not happen on all AAE aircraft. It will be able to handle the main radar antenna, whether it is PESA, AESA or AESA GaN, but again we will probably only have a few antennas. Moreover the delivery of these antennas has no reason to be synchronous with the delivery of F4.1. it could take place at the same time as F4.2.

The major new feature of F4.1 will be the connectivity with a satellite antenna and a new intra-patrol data link that will extend data fusion to the patrol under good conditions. The capabilities associated with this connectivity are the ones that will require the most training for the crews and it's good that we can start them a year ahead of F4.2.

F4.2 will have new wiring, new cooling systems and openings to install new antennas on the aircraft. Some will be installed and managed and others will arrive a bit later without requiring a new standard but only an upgrade like F4.2R or F4.2O4T! As Thales said it might not be quite ready (when Dassault brought forward the date of F4.2) I think that the main Radar antenna will be GaN but that the side antennas will arrive in 2025 as originally planned
 
@randomradio

Reading between the lines(what Picdel said), I think @Parthu may be correct. The Inlet RX modules may be GaN. Transmitters may still use GaAs module and may switch only in F4.1 version.

Picdel's post is of no use today. It doesn't look like GaN has been planned on any F4 model, it's all meant for F5. Unless there's an official release, we need to consider that the Rafale will only have GaAs until F5.
 
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Picdel's post is of no use today. It doesn't look like GaN has been planned on any F4 model, it's all meant for F5. Unless there's an official release, we need to consider that the Rafale will only have GaAs until F5.
No, the main point of my post was to say that the French standards were software and that hardware developments were independent of the standards. Obviously an evolution like side antennas implies hardware evolutions of the airframe, for example for the wiring, for electromagnetic openings and for the cooling system, the arrangement of multifunction antennas all around the aircraft too.

But these airframe evolutions are more related to manufacturing tranches than to standards and from my point of view these airframe characteristics can be defined well before the corresponding equipment is deployed, and when these modifications are defined, there is no reason not to apply them immediately to the aircraft in production.

So to me, at the very least, the Indian aircraft and all those that followed are capable of receiving future equipment until an MLU is made. And for me, the arrival of this equipment will be independent of the dates of the standards, as was the case for AESA, DDM-NG, OSF-IT and certain SPECTRA evolutions.

In conclusion of all these explanations, it is completely wrong to think that GAN will arrive with F5, it will arrive when its price will be reasonable which will happen quite soon.
 
Rafales Replace Russian Sukhois As India’s Frontline Fighters; Fly To France For 1st Multi-Nation Wargames

India is sending its Rafale combat jets to France for a multi-nation air exercise. This is the first time the 2020-inducted Indian Air Force (IAF) fighters have flown overseas to join a war game in a friendly foreign nation’s air base.

The French-origin nuke-delivery platform has emerged as the South Asian giant’s true “frontline” fighter replacing the Russian-origin Su-30MKIs.

All previous bilateral and multilateral wargames over the last 15 years have only witnessed Sukhoi combat aircraft’s participation from India’s side. The decision to send the Rafales to France for the wargames signals a shift in India’s combat jets line-up against archrivals China and Pakistan.

Four of the omni-role Rafale have flown to French Air and Space Force (FASF) Mont-de-Marsan air base from India as part of the IAF’s contingent today to join ‘Exercise Orion 2023’ alongside air force contingents from the United States, United Kingdom, and a host of other NATO nations, namely Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherland, and Spain.

“This would be the first overseas exercise for the IAF’s Rafale aircraft,” IAF’s spokesperson Wing Commander Ashish Moghe said in a statement. “Participation in this exercise would further enrich the employment philosophy of the Indian Air Force by imbibing the best practices from other air forces,” Moghe said.

Orion 2023 Aerial Wargames

NATO’s Exercise Orion 2023 will begin on April 17 and go on for about three weeks till May 5. The IAF’s Rafales are accompanied by a contingent of 165 airmen and officers, along with two Boeing C-17 Globemaster heavy cargo aircraft and two Russian Ilyushin IL-78 midair refuelers.

Exercise Orion 2023 is France’s biggest, in which its friendly foreign nations participate, India included, apart from NATO allies. During the second phase of the exercise, about 12,000 personnel of the NATO countries are participating. It would focus on defensive operations on land, in the air, at sea, and in cyberspace, reads a NATO statement.

According to Ministre De Armees, the French armed forces ministry, Orion 2023 is based on a scenario developed by NATO to apprehend the different phases of a modern conflict and will be on a scale unprecedented in recent decades.

It aims to train the French armed forces within a multinational joint forces framework to refocus the armed forces and their various branches and administrative levels on a joint, multi-domain (MDO) exercise in a contested environment.

The exercise will also involve an inter-ministerial perspective extending beyond purely military concerns. So, one of the major training themes of Orion 2023 will be the coordination of assets and effects over the full spectrum of operations to tackle these hybrid strategies.

This exercise will directly help to demonstrate France’s role as a major force for balance, able to commit to the defense of its own interests and to live up to its ambitions by engaging its effective participation in any actions that the Alliance may take in response to a crisis.

In this respect, the exercise will enable France to position itself as one of the few European nations able to summon this level of expertise in the operational planning and conduct of large-scale military exercises, said Ministre De Armees.

Rafale’s Tryst With Indian Air Force

India had ordered 36 of the 4.5-generation fighters from France in 2016 for nearly US$8 billion after Prime Minister Narendra Modi had, in 2015, canceled a tender for 126 combat planes in which French company Dassault Aviation’s Rafale had emerged as the winner in January 2012.

The likely contract award had stalled for over three years before Modi intervened to scrap the potential deal and shrunk the order from 126 to 36 in an emergency buy due to operational requirements of the Indian Air Force.

1681626911344.png


File Image: Dassault Rafale

India received the first set of Rafales at its home air base in Ambala in India’s northern state of Haryana in October 2019. The jets got inducted into a squadron of the IAF in September 2020.

In 2022, France’s Dassault Aviation completed the delivery of all 36 Rafale combat jets, which have been arranged into two squadrons of the IAF, the other being at Hashimara in West Bengal. The squadron, comprising 18 Rafales, in Ambala, would defend Indian skies in Kashmir and Ladakh, while the one in Hashimara would defend Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

During the ongoing military conflict against China in eastern Ladakh since April 2020, India deployed its Rafale jets to carry out patrol missions along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), testing the aircraft’s capabilities for the first time in an operational situation for the IAF.

Wing Commander Moghe also told EurAsian Times that Rafale is now India’s frontline fighter, a role played by Su-30MKI air superiority fighters until recently. The last time Russian-origin Su-30MKI participated in an overseas air exercise was in January 2023 at the ‘Veer Guardian 2023‘ with the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. The air exercise previous to Veer Guardian was in August 2022 at ‘Exercise Pitch Black 2022‘ at Darwin with the Royal Australian Air Force.
 
No, the main point of my post was to say that the French standards were software and that hardware developments were independent of the standards. Obviously an evolution like side antennas implies hardware evolutions of the airframe, for example for the wiring, for electromagnetic openings and for the cooling system, the arrangement of multifunction antennas all around the aircraft too.

But these airframe evolutions are more related to manufacturing tranches than to standards and from my point of view these airframe characteristics can be defined well before the corresponding equipment is deployed, and when these modifications are defined, there is no reason not to apply them immediately to the aircraft in production.

So to me, at the very least, the Indian aircraft and all those that followed are capable of receiving future equipment until an MLU is made. And for me, the arrival of this equipment will be independent of the dates of the standards, as was the case for AESA, DDM-NG, OSF-IT and certain SPECTRA evolutions.

In conclusion of all these explanations, it is completely wrong to think that GAN will arrive with F5, it will arrive when its price will be reasonable which will happen quite soon.

I don't disagree with that.

So for me, F4.1 will have GaN for the SPECTRA antennas...
...Moreover the delivery of these antennas has no reason to be synchronous with the delivery of F4.1. it could take place at the same time as F4.2.

I disagreed with GaN coming in with F4.1 and 4.2.

Maybe a 4.204T, 4.3, 4.4+ or 4R, I don't know. At least definitely with F5.
 
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I don't disagree with that.



I disagreed with GaN coming in with F4.1 and 4.2.

Maybe a 4.204T, 4.3, 4.4+ or 4R, I don't know. At least definitely with F5.
If we maintain the original schedule, but take into account the redefinitions of the version names, and the changes in their delivery dates, F4.1 was delivered at the beginning of 2023 whereas when Dassault told the Finns that it would deliver F4.2 in 2024 I expected it to be at the end of 2024 and therefore I expected F4.1 to be delivered at the end of 2023 because the delay between the two versions was initially one year.

So I think F4.2 will indeed be delivered in 2024 and I hope early in the year but if it was in the middle or at the end it wouldn't be too surprising as there is no longer the Finnish constraint.

As for the Gan I think there is no difficulty in delivering it at the same time as F4.2 for SPECTRA, as it was planned for F3R and they did something else for the same operational result at that date, but it was possible.

As far as the Radar is concerned, Thales protested when Dassault brought F4.2 forward by a year saying that the Radar might not be ready, so I think they are keeping the 2025 date and I think the reason for that constraint is the GaN.

The side antenna will be later...
 
If we maintain the original schedule, but take into account the redefinitions of the version names, and the changes in their delivery dates, F4.1 was delivered at the beginning of 2023 whereas when Dassault told the Finns that it would deliver F4.2 in 2024 I expected it to be at the end of 2024 and therefore I expected F4.1 to be delivered at the end of 2023 because the delay between the two versions was initially one year.

So I think F4.2 will indeed be delivered in 2024 and I hope early in the year but if it was in the middle or at the end it wouldn't be too surprising as there is no longer the Finnish constraint.

As for the Gan I think there is no difficulty in delivering it at the same time as F4.2 for SPECTRA, as it was planned for F3R and they did something else for the same operational result at that date, but it was possible.

As far as the Radar is concerned, Thales protested when Dassault brought F4.2 forward by a year saying that the Radar might not be ready, so I think they are keeping the 2025 date and I think the reason for that constraint is the GaN.

The side antenna will be later...
So no GaN for even SPECTRA in our Rafales, sigh:rolleyes:
 
So no GaN for even SPECTRA in our Rafales, sigh:rolleyes:
I don't know, because the Indian ISE are classified, but if you insisted on them and paid for them, then it was possible to provide them, but it was useless because GaN's initial goal for SPECTRA was to save space so that they could put in more electronics which made it faster, and they found another way to do it, cheaper.
 
I don't know, because the Indian ISE are classified, but if you insisted on them and paid for them, then it was possible to provide them, but it was useless because GaN's initial goal for SPECTRA was to save space so that they could put in more electronics which made it faster, and they found another way to do it, cheaper.
But then why the inlet RWR colour is black in our Rafale vs green for the French Rafale? There does seem some difference, but sometimes ambiguity is good to confuse the enemy. Let it remain so, lol.
 
Always confirm a frog. You should know better by now.
The successor to F4, tentatively called Standard F5, could enter service after 2030. The main technical decisions should be made over the next few years, but several solutions are to be adopted to match the evolving threat. For example, sensors will benefit from the adoption of gallium nitride (GaN ) technology for multi-function arrays (MFAs). Flight-testing of these tile antennas, utilised for detection, jamming and communication functions, is set to begin before 2025. The technology selected will allow engineers to install MFAs on both sides of the forward fuselage skin to considerably extend the radar’s angular coverage. New weapons will also be fielded, including the future cruise/anti-ship weapon (FC/ASW) being jointly developed by France and the UK.
 
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Always confirm a frog. You should know better by now.
The successor to F4, tentatively called Standard F5, could enter service after 2030. The main technical decisions should be made over the next few years, but several solutions are to be adopted to match the evolving threat. For example, sensors will benefit from the adoption of gallium nitride (GaN ) technology for multi-function arrays (MFAs). Flight-testing of these tile antennas, utilised for detection, jamming and communication functions, is set to begin before 2025. The technology selected will allow engineers to install MFAs on both sides of the forward fuselage skin to considerably extend the radar’s angular coverage. New weapons will also be fielded, including the future cruise/anti-ship weapon (FC/ASW) being jointly developed by France and the UK.

This article is speaking with regard to the upcoming tile radars around the airframe, not SPECTRA.

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If we maintain the original schedule, but take into account the redefinitions of the version names, and the changes in their delivery dates, F4.1 was delivered at the beginning of 2023 whereas when Dassault told the Finns that it would deliver F4.2 in 2024 I expected it to be at the end of 2024 and therefore I expected F4.1 to be delivered at the end of 2023 because the delay between the two versions was initially one year.

So I think F4.2 will indeed be delivered in 2024 and I hope early in the year but if it was in the middle or at the end it wouldn't be too surprising as there is no longer the Finnish constraint.

As for the Gan I think there is no difficulty in delivering it at the same time as F4.2 for SPECTRA, as it was planned for F3R and they did something else for the same operational result at that date, but it was possible.

As far as the Radar is concerned, Thales protested when Dassault brought F4.2 forward by a year saying that the Radar might not be ready, so I think they are keeping the 2025 date and I think the reason for that constraint is the GaN.

The side antenna will be later...

@halloweene has already given us a hint:
No, no GaN on F4 radar. They found another way to improve it, shortening travel time of signal in electronic circuits, bit it is highly classified.

Shortening time can only mean moving the ADC behind the element. So we are looking at an upgrade to digital beamforming antennas on the radar.

So it's difficult to expect a jump straight to GaN for the radar at least.

GaN upgrade for SPECTRA is really necessary. It's unavoidable, so I hope Thales delivers it soon.
 
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@halloweene has already given us a hint:


Shortening time can only mean moving the ADC behind the element. So we are looking at an upgrade to digital beamforming antennas on the radar.

So it's difficult to expect a jump straight to GaN for the radar at least.

GaN upgrade for SPECTRA is really necessary. It's unavoidable, so I hope Thales delivers it soon.

I already told you that @halloweene confused Radar with SPECTRA. I gave him that explanation, but it applied to SPECTRA and he applies it to Radar which doesn't make sense anymore.
 
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