Territorial claims should only be based on international law. Anything else is asking for troubles.
Current international law is inadequate and the arbiters lack integrity. Or Kashmir would never have become a disputed region had the UN done its job. There are plenty of disputes around the world where international law has failed. It needs to be fair and non-hypocritical, and the arbiters must not have political agendas, only then will it work.
So the best option today is how linguistically and culturally aligned the peoples of different territories are.
Kremlin lie with no evidence, other than a handful of criminals that the FSB broke out of prison and paid to cause trouble with the assistance of Russian troops.
There's zero evidence that the majority of the population wanted to be split off from Ukraine and annexed to Russia. On the other hand, there's plenty of evidence that outside of exceptional circumstances, the vast majority of the population will prefer the status quo and stability over complete upheavals. Meaning that if you had an actual legitimate referendum organized, one in which the voters were not held at gunpoint and in which the organization of the vote was not made by notorious ballot stuffers, then they would have overwhelmingly voted to remain part of Ukraine. Sorry to ruin your illusions.
For Crimea specifically, there was this interview with Igor "Strelkov" Girkin where he boasted that without him, none of that would have happened. Said he was there in Crimea at the time, before the takeover. The representatives didn't want reunification with Russia, the troops had to seek them out at their homes, bring them to the parliament hall, and force them to vote "properly"...
Would have easily devolved into an insurgency.
In such situations, individual leaders are useless 'cause they do their best to hold on to power.
If Indian chief ministers are offered to separate from India, they will all grab the chance of becoming the PM of a country. The question is what will the people do in such a case. In Crimea, they are fine with the Kremlin, that's the difference.
We need to see what the Crimeans think of the new language law in Ukraine. The problem is we will only get biased views in non-Russian sources.
And that's why any claim from Russia cannot be validated.
No, they wouldn't. They get to have their own seats at the UN and the EU, which they wouldn't if they united. They get to have their own foreign policy, which is often at odds with Germany's. For example, Austria is neutral and not in NATO -- soon to be the last EU country that's not in NATO, along with Ireland.
The Russians only have linguistic and cultural claims in certain parts of Ukraine. But, because the existing regime in Ukraine is busy attacking them, they have lost legitimacy to those parts.
As for the Austrian bit, I wasn't being that specific, it's just a general view about a dictatorship making a claim versus a democracy. So an average Austrian will have the same or more rights compared to the German majority in a democracy, notwithstanding the political nitty-gritties of today's environment.
Exactly. The EU provides all the benefits of living essentially in the same country, while keeping the states sovereign and distinct.
India is an EU++ with common foreign policy and defence. So we don't have to deal with rogue states like the UK and outliers like Hungary. And then we can make single national policy even for important things like energy. So we can make efficiency-related decisions rather than political decisions. For example, instead of hoarding all nuke reactors in one state, we can distribute it across the country. The same with generating other forms of electricity. Sharing wealth and resources and managing surpluses and deficits are superior. Manufacturing is distributed across state lines based on efficiency rather than politics. Competition for investments between states is fair and transparent. Development of a single logistics system. Single space policy. The benefits are too many.